Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Lecture Outline Chapter 10

Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica

Natural Environments Oceanic Equatorial, Arid, and Polar Climates Australia and New Zealand Arid Continental Interior Typhoons Midlatitude cyclones Monsoon climatic environment Tropical Ocean Climates Orographic precipitation Coral atolls Antarctica’s harsh polar climate Southern Ocean

Natural Environments Geologic Activity Australia the ancient continent Gondwanaland Great dividing range Barrier reef Plate movements, mountain ranges, and volcanic activity Transform plate margin Antarctica: The land of snow and ice Transantarctic mountains

Natural Environments Distinctive Ecosystems Marsupials Mallee The Wallace Line Natural Resources Australian and New Zealand resources minerals Artesian wells Pacific Islands Antarctica

Natural Environments Environmental Problems Natural Hazards Coral deterioration Pollution, Erosion, and Mining Excavations

Cultural History Cultural Intersection Australia, New Zealand, & the Pacific Islands Australia Aborigines Animism New Zealand Maoris Pacific Islands Melanesian, Micronesian, Polynesian

Cultural History Colonial Developments and Independence Australia and New Zealand: Great Britain Terra Australis Pacific Islands British: Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga, Tuvalu, etc. French: New Caledonia, Tahiti Germans: Marshall Islands, Nauru, Western Samoa, etc.

Globalization and Local Change Population Dynamics: Movement, Settlement, and Growth Population interaction in Australia and New Zealand Natural Increase Effects of rapid urbanization Primate city

Geographic Identity Ethnic Variety and Human Rights White Australia policy Aborigines Maoris

Australia and New Zealand Australia Political regions: the states Southeast Australia Great Dividing Range Northern Australia Interior and Western Australia Great Australian Desert New Zealand

Australia and New Zealand Economic Development South Pacific Forum Changes in Australia Import-substitution manufacturing Problems of Trade Dependence Australia’s dominant mining Australia’s farm output Tourism Gold Coast New Zealand Afforestation & sustainable forestry

Oceania Island Countries Small Towns Economic Development Farm, Forest, and Mine Products Tourism

Antarctica Antarctica occupies 10% of the Earth’s land surface but is not settled on a permanent basis Antarctica’s Global Status Antarctic Treaty (1961) Antarctica and the Southern Oceans Ozone hole Antarctica’s Resources Tourism