INTO: A way to represent institutional knowledge base by Biswanath Dutta Documentation Research and Training Centre Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore Workshop on Ontology, 19 th – 21 st March DRTC, ISI, Bangalore

Introduction Today I am feeling lucky! Oh… my God!! What is this? Why cannot you give me the desired document?? Oh… I got it. Ontology is great.

But,…Why Ontology?? To share common understanding of the structure of information among people or software agents (Musen 1992; Gruber 1993) To enable reuse of domain knowledge To make domain assumptions explicit To analyze domain knowledge

Objective…To To show how the knowledge of an informal domain can be organized and retrieve them meaningfully to serve our various purposes To show how the traditional classification system can be put in use for organizing the Web information

Methodology Derived a set of potential questions (what do you want?) Analysed the questions Categorised them Identified and collected the concepts and built relations Followed controlled vocabularies for standardization Applied classification principles (faceted) Modelled the Ontology using OWL-DL Integrated with SW browser (faceted web browser)

Languages and Tools Used OWL-DL Protégé 3.4 beta – a free, open source ontology editor and knowledge- base framework Pellet reasoner: open-source java based OWL-DL Reasoner ( SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language) Colon Classification (7 th ed.) Scheme Longwell faceted web browser

Few Queries Who are the experts on ontology in ISI along with their publications, home page (if any) and their addresses? What are the different courses offered by ISI centre wise? Who are the faculty members of a (particular) unit? Is Dr. Prasad of DRTC earlier worked for some other organization? If yes how many years he worked there and what was his job profile? Currently who is the head of DRTC and his contact details? etc,…

Methodology Derived a set of potential questions (what do you want?) Analysed the questions Categorised them Identified and collected the concepts and built relations Followed controlled vocabularies for standardization Applied classification principles Modelled the Ontology using OWL-DL Integrated with SW browser (faceted web browser)

Ontology Metrics Figure: showing metrics of classes and properties

Teacher and Student Class

Instance Tree 1 2

Example Query: Who are the experts on ontology in ISI along with their publications, home page (if any) and their addresses?

Analysis of the Query To identify the experts, we tried to search for those people who are working on/or has research interest on Ontology along with their publication related to ontology (optional). Publication might provide their expertise in that area. Some other factors might also be considered, such as what events/ conference/ workshop they attended in recent past, etc.

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language SPARQL is a query language It is a protocol for accessing RDF (Resource Description Framework) data It is designed by the W3C RDF Data Access Working Group SPARQL builds on previous RDF query languages such as rdfDB, RDQL, and SeRQL Further information is available in:

Query using SPARQL PREFIX a: SELECT ?Topic ?Name ?Publication ?Homepage ? WHERE { ?person a:researchInterestIn ?ResearchInterest. ?ResearchInterest a:title ?Topic. FILTER regex(?Topic, "ontology", "i"). ?person a:name ?Name OPTIONAL { ?person a:publication ?Publication ; a:homepage ?Homepage } ?person a: ? } ORDER BY ?Name

Result from Pellet Reasoner

?? But…, is it possible for end users to form such type of query (SPARQL query, etc.) ? If no, what would be the possible solution?

Longwell Longwell is a web-based RDF-powered highly-configurable faceted browser It is the part of SIMILE project of MIT It mixes the flexibility of the RDF data model with the effectiveness of the faceted browsing UI paradigm It enables to visualize and browse any arbitrarily complex RDF dataset It allows to build a user-friendly web site out of our data within minutes and without requiring any code at all More information available on:

INTO with Longwell Easy to integrate OWL Ontology with Longwell Web Browser Knowledge base is easy to update Capable of loading files that end with.rdf,.rdfs,.owl,.n3 and rss (Longwell assumes RSS 1.0 which is RDF; other versions will generate errors)

Longwell Faceted Web Browser

Observation It is always better to go for modular based ontology Conceptually draw your model first and then go for building ontology Building ontology is quite expensive No two ontologies designed by different people would be the same There is no standard practice for building ontology It's a biggest challenge to provide user friendly semantic search interface to end users

Wrap-up Problems Way to solve the problems Why Ontology? Methodology Searching Integration of INTO with a faceted web browser Observations Application

Reference (1) Gruber, T.R. (1993). A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specification. Knowledge Acquisition 5: Ranganathan, S. R. (1967). Prolegomena to library classification. Ed 3. Asia Pub House, Bombay Ranganathan, S. R. (1987). Colon classification. SRELS, Bangalore Bhattacharyya, G. (1979). POPSI: Its fundamentals and procedure based on a general theory of subject indexing language. Library Science with Slant to Documentation. V 16 (1) Musen, M.A. (1992). Dimensions of knowledge sharing and reuse. Computers and Biomedical Research 25:

Noy, N. F. and McGuinness, D. L. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology. ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html Protege (2000). The Protege Project. Flamenco. Reference (2)