1 Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids

2 Begins with the SUNBegins with the SUN PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sunlight & chlorophyll  C6H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

3 ECOSYSTEM Begins with the Sun – Process of Photosynthesis

4Photosynthesis Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose ENERGY is stored in glucose ENERGY is stored in glucose Glucose is stored as starch in plants Glucose is stored as starch in plants

5 Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are called Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS.

6 Producers use most of the energy they make for themselves.

7 Producers use cellular respiration to supply the energy they need to live.

8 CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose. 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 --> 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + energy

9 Producers:.. make their own food Ex. Trees, flowers, grasses

10 The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to organisms that cannot make their own energy.

11 Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS.

12 Consumers that eat producers to get energy: Are first order (1 st ) or primary consumers Are herbivores (plant- eaters)

13 The primary consumer gets Most of its energy from the producer.

14 Some energy in the primary consumer is STORED & not used by the consumer itself. This energy is available for another consumer (predator).

15 Primary... Consumers: get most of energy from plants. (Herbivores) Ex. Deer, Cows, Birds

16 A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Energy: Is called a secondary or 2nd order consumer Is called a secondary or 2nd order consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predator May be a predator May be a scavenger May be a scavenger

17 The secondary consumer gets Most of its energy from the primary consumer.

18 Some of the energy is stored and other energy can be passed on to another consumer.

19 Secondary Consumers Gets most energy from primary consumer: May be Carnivores, omnivores, predators or scavengers Ex: Lions, snakes

20 A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer: Is called a 3rd order or tertiary consumer Is called a 3rd order or tertiary consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predator May be a predator May be a scavenger May be a scavenger

21 Consumers that eat producers & other consumers Are called omnivores Omnivores eat plants and animals

22 Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators. The animals that are hunted & killed are called prey.

23 Consumers that eat other dead consumers are called scavengers

24 Tertiary Consumers May be a carnivore, omnivore, predators, and scavengers -

25 10% 90% lost as heat HETEROTROPH AUTOTROPHS

26 Food Chains Show Available Energy 10 % RULE

27 Dead consumers are a source of food for Decomposers. Decomposers speed up the decaying process that release minerals back into the food chain for absorption by plants as nutrients.

28 Decomposers: Speed up decaying process – put nutrients back into the soil for producers to use Ex. Bacteria, fungi, earthworms, beetles

29 The transfer of energy from the sun, to the producer, to the primary consumer, then to the higher order consumers can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.

30 More Food Chains

31 Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem is the ENERGY PYRAMID

32 Energy Pyramids Show Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers Amount of available energy decreases down the food chain Amount of available energy decreases down the food chain It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers

33

34 Food Webs: Are interconnected food chains Are interconnected food chains They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem

35 How Many Chains are in this web?

36 Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers: Count the Food Chains!

37 What is the source of ALL energy? Can you tell me the difference between a food chain and a food web? Questions??? What do you think would happen if we took the primary consumer out of the food chain?