Potential of IPNS technique under Rice cultivation BGA Compost Chemical Bio fertilizers Fertilizers

Content What is IPNS? Why we need to practice it? Nutrient requirement and removal by rice plant. How it practice? Inorganic fertilizer used Organic fertilizer used Other cultural practices use in IPNS Constrains in IPNS

IPNS ???? Integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) pertains to the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in proper proportion accompanied by sound cultural management practices in crop production. Is a system, which is ecologically compatible ,socially acceptable and economically viable

IPNS Contd… Involves proper combination of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, crop residues, N2~fixing crops other pulses and oilseeds such as soybean and bio fertilizers suitable to the system It attempts to achieve tight nutrient cycling with synchrony between nutrient demand by the crop and nutrient release in the soil, while minimizing losses

Why need integrated use? To Sustain productivity through maintaining soil fertility To increase fertilizer use efficiency Nutrient losses with chemical fertilizer high To reduce the cost of production To improve physical conditions of soils

Why need integrated use? Contd… To get higher yield Reported national average yield is 3.78 t/ha. But farmers who have practiced IPNS have obtained yields over 10 t/ha and sustain that level of production over the years. Easy ploughing and land preparation with IPNS Increase anion retention and thereby reduce environmental pollution

Why need integrated use? Contd… Produce more healthy plants which minimize the necessity to use pesticide and fungicides Develop the soil structure and reduce erosion hazard

Nutrient needed by rice plant 17 elements needed for rice plant to complete its healthy life cycle. It can group into macro and micro nutrients. Rice plant require relatively high amount of macro and small amount of micro elements. The most common limiting nutrient are nitrogen(N),phosperous(p),potassium(K), sulfur(s)and zinc(Zn)

Nutrient Removal in Rice Cultivation Rice is an annual crop and it removes A considerable amount of nutrients proportional to the yield obtained. Higher quantities of potassium and silica are found in the straw and rice husk. So, these nutrients want to replace by fertilizer.

Chemical Fertilizers Urea Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) Murate of Potash (MOP) Zinc sulphate

Organic materials for IPNS in rice Plant residues Crop residues Green manure Animal waste Animal manure Farm yard manure Compost Biofertilizer

Crop residues Rice straw Rice husk Bean straw Sugarcane trash Cowpea stems Wood ashes 1/3 of N required by Rice plant could be provide by Rice straw Rice straw can provide almost all K Requrement(30-40 g/ha) Rice straw

Crop residues Contd… So.. Why burn rice straw? - It is a source of N,P,K,Si,Ca,Mg,S and organic substances - When straw burned, results in losses of All organic substances and N(100%),P(25%)and K(20%) ,S lost And other elements remain in ash. Burning of rice straw

Crop residues Contd… Rice straw, stubble or undecomposed organic material should be incorporated 2-3 wk before crop establishment to avoid negative effects (Toxicities, immobilization) Incorporation of rice straw

Green Manure Many countries regard as important nutrient source for rice. Trees whole leaves are used Gliricidea masculata (watahira) Azadirachta indi (magosa) Erythrina lithospema (Dadap) Plants whole leaves and stems are used Tithonia diversifolia (Sunflower) Cassia occidentalis (penithora) Thespesia populnea (Suria) Gliricidea

Green Manure Contd… Other examples of these Green Manure crops like, Vigna radiata (mungbean) Crotolaria juncea (sunhemp) Glycine max (soybean) Dolichos lablab (lablab) Vigna unguiculata (cowpea Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) Green Manuring

Green Manure Cont.. Provide N, organic matter and improve soil fertility. Grown before and after rice crop. Can be broadcast in to standing rice crop shortly before harvesting. Also can be broadcast into rice stubble without cultivation. Can grown in bunds of rice fields or in fallow lands during the off season and their leaves are incorporated. Incoporation of green manure

Animal waste Farm yard manure Poultry manure Cattle manure Swine manure Those material provide both macro and micro nutrients to plant and improve soil properties. It should spray evenly avoiding heaps. It can be evaporation of N in Hot Atmosphere Should mix well with soil

Animal waste Contd… Farm yard manure application Should mix properly with soil

Compost Nutrient composition vary with type of material use - animal and plant material origin compost - Rural compost - Urban waste compost Improve soil biological,physical and chemical properties.

Bio Fertilizers Playing a significant role in integrated plant nutrient systems (IPNS) to enhance microbial activity in the rhizosphere . Types of Bio Fertilizers Nitrogen fixers Phosphate solubilizers Can apply as seed treatment or soil application. Addition of BGA Culture in Rice Fields

Bio Fertilizers use in rice Function/ Contribution Recommended Dose/ ha Azatobacter (Non- symbiotic) 20 – 25 kg N / ha 2 kg / ha Azospirillum (Associative) 25-40 kg N/ha/year. 10 – 15 % increase yield. Production of growth promoting substance. 2 kg /ha Blue Green Algae or Cyanobacteria (Phototropic) 20 – 30 kg N /ha 10 – 15 % increase in yield. Production of growth promoting substance 10 – 15 kg/ha Azolla (Symbiotic) 30 – 100 kg N/ha , Yield increases 20 – 25 % 10 tons/ha Phosphobacteria Contributes to solubility of tricalcium, aluminum and iron phosphates making the phosphorus present in the soil available to plants. 2 kg/ha

Nutrient composition of organic material (% in DM) K Rice straw 1.1 0.16 1.4 Bean straw 1.57 0.32 1.34 Sugarcane trash 0.35 0.04 0.5 Cowpea stems 1.07 0.14 Wood ashes 0.02 0.06 FYM 0.8 0.18 0.61 Poultry 3.33 1.36 1.8 Rural compost 1.12 0.42 1.22 Urban waste compost 0.57 0.62 1.66 Gliricidea 4.15 0.27 3 magosa 2.38 0.2 1.3 dadap 4 0.29 3.95

Nutrient composition of organic material (% in DM) Contd…

Application of organic matter….. Encouraged to increase the soil water holding capacity So… - Provide more available water to the plants - Roots can better access and use of available nutrients Increase microbial biomass,nitogen fixing bacteria, that favorable for fertilizer availability

Cultural practices use in IPNS Variety and crop management - Use appropriate varieties - Use high quality seeds of varieties - Choose a suitable planting density - Follow the appropriate planting season and time in the locality Rate of NPK application is higher during dry season

Cultural practices use in IPNS Cond… Good water management - Level the soil properly and maintain a water level of 2-5 cm until 3-4week after transplanting - Irrigating only after 5-6 d of no standing water - Can save 16-35% water without reducing yield - Good practice to manage Zn deficient soils - To correct some other nutrient problems

Cultural practices use in IPNS Cond… pest control (including weeds) - Remove weeds,especialy at the early vegetative stage before applying fertilizer -Observe synchronous planting time to minimize concentrated damage from rice pests crop rotation

Suggestions for improving the present systems of IPNS and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) Planting of Gliricidia, or Ipil Ipil on the major bunds and hedge rows to supply green manure. Use of charred rice husk. Cultivation of sandwich crops. Use of cow dung and poultry manure to supplement chemical fertilizer. Cultivation of legumes and incorporation of crop residues. Preparation of charred rice husk

Common constraints encountered by the farmers in adoption of IPNS technology Chemical fertilizer easily available and easy to use Organic manure is not available in own holdings most of time Storage and retail marketing of organic manure is limited, is not easily accessible to most farmers Scarcity of labour

constraints Contd…. Financial credit is available only for mineral fertilizer. No organized credit system to promote organic fertilizer Farmers who have domesticated animals do not have facilities to collect,store and market the animal waste. Non-availability of biofertilizers Non-availability of soil testing facilities

constraints Contd…. Non-availability of water Lack of knowledge and poor advisory services Non-availability of improved seeds

Summary Combine application of Inorganic fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer at an appropriate ratio, required to attain high yields on a sustained basis in rice cultivation. Plant residue, Animal waste, Compost material, bio fertilizer can use as organic material. There is high yield potential with IPNS technique in rice cultivation but there are constrains also.

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