Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood: Seminar Week 10

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Guideposts for Study  1. What are normal growth patterns during middle childhood, and how can abnormal growth be treated?  2. What are some nutritional and oral health concerns for school-age children?  3. What gains in motor skills typically occur at this age, and what kinds of play do boys and girls engage in?  4. What are the principal health and fitness concerns in middle childhood, and what can adults do to make the school years healthier and safer?

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Height and Weight  Growth in height and weight during middle childhood ______________ considerably  School-aged children grow ____ cm each year and gain _____ kg or more (doubling average body weight)  One type of growth disorder arises from the body ’ s failure to produce enough __________ hormone (can administer synthetic growth hormone)  Is it a good idea to give growth hormone? What are some possible complications?

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Nutrition and Oral Health  Children need, on average, _______ calories every day  Nutritionists recommend a varied diet including plenty of grains, fruits, and vegetables, which are high in natural nutrients  Most adult teeth arrive in _____ childhood  Primary teeth begin to fall out at about age ____

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Obesity and Body Image  Proportion of children 7 to 13 who are obese has tripled (17% for boys & 15% for girls)  ______________________ – difficulty with the production of leptin (helps regulate body fat), and/or natural hormone that regulates production of fat cells  ______________________ – children tend to eat that same kinds of foods and develop similar eating habits to those around them (too much fat and sugar and too few healthful foods)  _____________ – major factor. Children who watch 4 or more hours of t.v. have higher body fat

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Why Treat Childhood Obesity?  Obese children often suffer emotionally because of taunts from _____________________  They tend to become overweight adults, at risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, orthopedic problems, and diabetes  Concern with ____________________ (how one believes one looks) can lead to eating disorders, especially among girls  The older a child gets without losing weight, the more likely the child is to remain obese into adult years (_______ of those who were overweight in elementary school will continue into adulthood)

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display  Can you… Discuss why childhood obesity has increased,how it can affect adult health, and how it can be treated?

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Motor Development and Physical Play  Rough and Tumble Play: __________ play involving wrestling, hitting, and chasing, often accompanied by laughing and screaming ________ in middle childhood Universal type of play, since it takes place from childhood through adolescence in many different countries

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Organized Sports  More boys than girls take part in both supervised and unsupervised sports  To help children improve their motor skills and encourage participation, organized athletic programs should offer: the chance to try a __________________ of sports gear coaching to building _______ rather than winning include as many children as possible rather than concentrating on a few ___________ athletes

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Maintaining Health and Fitness  Less than ________of Canadian children are active enough to ensure healthy growth  A sound physical education program for all children should emphasize skill mastery based on realistic goals, rather than winning or losing  Bicycling, swimming, and using playground swings are _________ physical activities  ___ out of 4 children engage in sedentary activities like walking television, reading, and playing computer or video games after school  Changing everyday behaviour (family exercise together) can bring about improvement

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Medical Problems  _____________ medical conditions - Illnesses that last a short time (ie. Infections, allergies) _____________ bouts a year with colds, flu, or viruses are typical at this age Upper-respiratory illnesses, sore throats, strep throats, and ear infections decrease with age; but acne, headaches, and transitory emotional disturbances increase as children approach puberty

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Medical Problems  _________medical conditions: Illnesses or impairments that persist for at least ____________  Children with special health needs spend 3x as many days sick in bed and miss school ________ as often  ___________________ miss more school than those with other chronic illnesses  Children with chronic conditions tend to be remarkably resilient

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Accidental Injuries  Injuries increase between ages _____________  As in early childhood, _______________ injuries are the leading cause of death  Parents tend to overestimate the safety skills of young children, as do the children themselves  Protective headgear is vital for riding a bicycle, baseball, football, roller skating, etc.  Although most injuries occur while children are playing, a large percentage now occur while they are engaged in organized ___________ activities

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display  Can you… Distinguish between acute and chronic medical conditions, and discuss how chronic conditions can affect everyday life? Identify factors that increase the risks of accidental injury?

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Review: Test #2 Early and Middle Childhood (Chapters 6-11)  Chapter 6 How do the senses develop during infancy? How does the brain develop, and how to environmental factors affect its early growth?  Chapter 7 How do babies develop language? How did Piaget describe infants’ and toddlers cognitive development and how have his claims stood up?

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display  Chapter 8 When and how do emotions develop, and how do babies show them? How do infants gain trust in their world and form attachments?  Chapter 9 How do children’s bodies change between ages 3 and 6, and what are their nutritional and dental needs? What are the main motor achievements of early childhood and how does children’s artwork show their physical and cognitive development?

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display  Chapter 10 What are typical cognitive advances and immature aspects of preschool children’s thinking? How does language improve, and what happens when its development is delayed?  Chapter 11 How does self-concept develop during early childhood, and how do children advance in understanding their emotions? How do preschoolers play, and how does play contribute to and reflect development?