Chapter 13 Review “States of Matter” Pre-AP Chemistry Charles Page High School Stephen L. Cotton
Chapter 13 Review According to the kinetic theory, collisions between molecules in a gas ____. Compared to the melting points of ionic compounds, the melting points of molecular solids tend to be ____. The direct change of a substance from a solid to a gas is called ____.
Chapter 13 Review What is the key difference between a liquid and a gas? How does the atmospheric pressure at altitudes below sea level compare with atmospheric pressure at sea level? Know the characteristics that describe the movement of particles in a gas.
Chapter 13 Review Which are the first particles to evaporate from a liquid? When a gas is heated, some of the absorbed energy is converted to ____ energy, and some is converted to ____ energy. How are conditions of pressure and temperature, at which two phases coexist in equilibrium, represented (or shown) on a phase diagram?
Chapter 13 Review What happens to the range of energies of the particles in matter when the temperature is increased? The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is directly proportional to ____. If a liquid is sealed in a container and kept at constant temperature, how does its vapor pressure change over time?
Chapter 13 Review What causes gas pressure in a container, such as a helium balloon? When the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the liquid ____. The escape of molecules from the surface of a liquid is known as ____. What is the value of one standard atmosphere of pressure in kilopascals?
Chapter 13 Review Which of the following will evaporate the fastest: a) water at 20 oC, or b) water at 40 oC? Which statement is NOT true, according to the kinetic theory: a) there is no attraction between particles of a gas, or b) only particles of matter in the gaseous state are in constant motion?
Chapter 13 Review Which states of matter can flow? Which of the following statements is part of the kinetic theory: a) the particles in a gas move rapidly, or b) the particles in a gas are relatively far apart? Which of the following elements has the ability to undergo sublimation: a) carbon, or b) iodine?
Chapter 13 Review What instrument is normally used to measure atmospheric pressure? If energy is added to a boiling liquid, what happens to the temperature of the liquid? The average kinetic energy of water molecules is greatest in: a) steam at 110 oC, or b) liquid water at 373 K?
Chapter 13 Review Standard conditions when working with gases are defined as ____ oC and ____ kPa. What is the pressure (in kPa) when a liquid is boiling at its normal boiling point? What happens to the rate of evaporation of a liquid as the liquid is cooled?
Chapter 13 Review What is the SI unit of pressure? Which of the following best describes the motion of the particles in a piece of steel: a) none are moving, or b) all are moving? How do crystal systems differ? With which temperature scale is temperature directly proportional to average kinetic energy?
Chapter 13 Review Water could be made to boil at 105 oC instead of 100 oC by ____. Why does a liquid’s rate of evaporation increase when the liquid is heated? What happens to the temperature of a liquid as it evaporates? The smallest group of particles in a crystal that retains the shape of the crystal is called ____.
Chapter 13 Review What happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter as the temperature of the sample is increased? In a dynamic equilibrium between the liquid state and the gas state, what is true about the rate of evaporation?
Chapter 13 Review Consider an iron cube and an aluminum cube. If the two cubes were at the same temperature, how would the average kinetic energy of the Fe particles compare with Al? The temperature at which the motion of particles theoretically ceases is ____.
Chapter 13 Review Particles in a gas are best described as ____ spheres with ____ volume. Crystals are classified into how many different crystal systems? At what temperature (in K) do particles theoretically have no kinetic energy? What is the pressure (in atm) at the normal boiling point of water?
Chapter 13 Review What is a pressure of 622 mm Hg equal to in atmospheres? The vapor pressure of 10 mL of ethanol at 20 oC is 5.85 kPa. What is the vapor pressure of 20 mL of ethanol at the same temperature? What is a pressure of 0.520 atm equal to in mm of Hg?
Chapter 13 Review What is the angle measurement in cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic crystal systems? Into how many systems are crystals classified? How many faces are in a hexagonal crystal system? How many phases of water are in equilibrium at the triple point?
Chapter 13 Review End of Chapter 13 Review