Archetypes
What is an archetype? Archetypes are the original pattern/model from which all stories are copied or based. Archetypes include general situations, symbols, and character traits.
Character Archetypes The [Epic] Hero – conquers obstacles and saves the day. (protagonist) Usually embarks on a physical or spiritual quest Typically stronger, smarter, and braver than the average human Puts others ahead of himself Examples include: Robin Hood, Luke Skywalker, Spiderman Villan – working against the hero (antagonist) Employs brute strength or cunning to undermine the work of the hero Sometimes not recognized until well into the story Ultimately defeated by the hero
Character Archetypes Mother Figure – cares for and guides the hero Not always an actual mother Fairy godmothers in fairytales fall under this Sometimes a spiritual leader Father Figure – leader and protector of a group Sometimes intermingled with the role of the Mother Figure Underdog – character who is always at a disadvantage Pushes through hardship and wins respect
Character Archetypes Mentors – serve as teachers or role models to teach necessary skills to survive journey and quest Hunting Group of Companions – loyal companions willing to face any perils to be together The Temptress – Characterized by sensuous beauty, may bring hero’s downfall The Devil Figure – Character represents evil incarnate; opposes the hero and their quest Friendly beast – these animals assist the hero and reflect that nature is on his/her side
Character Archetypes The Damsel in Distress – vulnerable woman who must be rescued by the hero Star-Crossed Lovers- two characters engaged in love affair that will end in tragedy for one or both due to disapproval of society, family, friends, or the gods (Romeo and Juliet) Creature of Nightmare – monster that is summoned from the deepest, darkest parts of the human pysche to threaten the lives of the hero/heroine. Scapegoat – An animal or human whose death excuses some taint or sin that has been visited upon the community
Symbolic Archetypes Light vs. Darkness – light = hope and renewal; darkness = unknown, ignorance, and despair Heaven vs. Hell – skies and mountaintops house gods; bowels of the earth contain diabolical forces Supernatural Intervention – gods intervene on the side of the hero
Situational Archetypes The Journey – hero is required to leave home and undertake a mission without guaranteed success Many obstacles and distractions, but failure is not an option Group members learn more about themselves and their world during this journey Lord of the Rings & Frodo is an example The Fall – characters losing some power or privilege. Characters who make a mistake and derail hopes and dreams Teaches the character an important lesson about life. Ex: Biblical Story of Adam and Eve Father-Son Conflict – tension from separation during childhood where both meet as men and a mentor has higher place in son’s affections than the father.
Situational Archetypes The Quest – the search for someone or some talisman which, when found and returned, will restore fertility to a wasted land The Task – refers to a possibly superhuman feat that must be accomplished to fulfill the ultimate goal The Initiation – a moment, usually psychological, in which an individual comes into maturity. A hero will usually deny and question the calling and ultimately will accept their responsibility. Death & Rebirth – someone or something, concrete and/or metaphysical dies yet is accompanied by some sign of birth or rebirth Battle between Good and Evil – usually good wins