Future Directions in Research Networking - A Perspective from Europe Dai Davies : General Manager : DANTE Ltd 16th APAN Meeting Advanced Network Conference Busan Korea August 2003

The Ages of European Research Networking The Pioneering Age ( ) The Rationing Age ( ) The Co-operation Age ( ) The Age of the GÉANT ( )

Technology Available PeriodMost performant Data Link Technology Available Technology Available in pan-European Network Technology Available in United States Network /45 Mbps PDH2 Mbps PDH45 Mbps PDH Mbps SDH45 Mbps PDH155 Mbps SDH Mbps SDH155 Mbps SDH622 Mbps SDH Gbps DWDM 2.5 Gbps DWDM

Price Trends pan-European Connectivity average offer price lowest offer price

GÉANT Topology June 2003

Huge Increase in Network Capacity –TEN Gbps –GÉANT 150 Gbps 9 10 Gbps Accesses 20 Gbps Global Interconnection Regional Initiatives – Mediterranean – Latin America GÉANT

Divergence of Costs New Usage patterns Hardware Costs Global Developments GÉANT Issues

Range of Shared CostsRange of ConnectivitySmoothing of Shared Costs Divergence of Costs

Support for European VLBI Radio Telescope Correlator Data Flows (RT or non-RT)

EVN Traffic Flows over GÉANT UK SE FR NL BE DE1 DE2 CZ PL CH IT AT SURFnetJANETGARRPSNCDFN NORDUnet 2.5G 10G 256M 512M? 1G JIVE

10 Gbps Router Interface Transmission Costs Switched and Routed Architecture 40 Gbps Interface Hardware Costs

Europe - Where Next...….?

40 Gbps Technology Cost Multiple 2.5 Gbps or 10 Gbps wavelengths Interfacing Costs – Routers – Switches Is Speed Everything?

Enhanced Network Security Role of DIY Transmission New Architecture Resource Allocation Move from Connectivity to Controlability Technical Challenges

Increasing Divergence of Costs Transmission is Distance Dependent Cost New Usage Patterns Cost Challenges

DWDM Cost Data

Today Ad-Hoc Organisation Question of Who Pays Inter-Regional Organisation Global Demand? Global Co-operation

We are Deploying the Most Advanced Technology Can we Control it? Will we be able to Continue to Afford it? Summary