Advanced Networks and Digital Divide 2003 Int’l Symposium on Bridging the Digital Divide in East Asia Advanced Networks and Digital Divide in East Asia 2003.12.2-3 Kilnam Chon KAIST Korea chon@cosmos.kaist.ac.kr

Table of Contents 1. Digital Divide on Research and Education Networks in East Asia 2. Digital Divide on Broadband Access 3. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth 4. Intercontinental Trade 5. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth for Asian Countries 6. APAN Network Topology 7. Regional Net Groups 8. Lambda Networking in North Asia 9. Broadband Access 10. Broadband Applications : Classification 11. EuropeAid 12. Remark Reference Appendix : Latest Gigabit/Lambda Networking – Asia and the World

Digital Divide on Research and Education Networks in East Asia Aggregated International Bandwidth (in Gbps) North East Asia (2003.12) (2004.12)    China 0.5 6   Japan 23.0 40    Korea 2.2 2.4 Taiwan 5.3 5.3 South East Asia    Cambodia ? ?    Indonesia 0.002 0.002    Laos ? ?   Malaysia 0.002 0.06 Myanmar ? ?   Philippines 0.003 0.003    Singapore 0.1 0.1    Thailand 0.2 0.2    Vietnam 0.002 0.002   (USA) > 140.0   (Netherlands) 30~40

2. Digital Divide on Broadband Access                                                    Source : ITU Note : Data for Canada and United States are estimates.

3. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth North America Latin Asia Europe Africa 162Gbps 0.4Gbps 14Gbps 0.8Gbps 1.2Gbps 42Gbps Telegeography 2001

WTO International Trade Statistics 2000 4. Intercontinental Trade Europe North America 413 Billion 428 Billion 564 Billion Asia WTO International Trade Statistics 2000

5. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth for Asian Countries Japan China India Hong Kong Korea Singapore Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Europe North America 0.95Gpps 0.39Gpps 18.03Gbps 0.1Gbps 1.64Gbps 3.73Gbps ASIA 0.37Gbps 0.54Gbps 1.03Gbps 3.65Gbps 0.53Gbps 0.06Gbps 0.07Gbps 0.40Gbps 1.93Gbps 0.02Gbps 0.20Gbps 0.15Gbps 0.10Gbps 2.56Gbps 1.17Gbps 0.65Gbps Telegeography 2001

6. APAN Network Topology Russia Europe Japan Korea USA China Taiwan Access Point Exchange Point Current Status 2004 (plan) USA Europe Australia Indonesia Vietnam Sri Lanka Korea Thailand Malaysia Singapore Taiwan Russia Philippines China Hong Kong Japan

For more information : http://apan.net/documents/linkinfo.xls 7. Regional Net Groups APAN Member For more information : http://apan.net/documents/linkinfo.xls TW HK Russia South Asia Net Central Asia Net China PH AU MY SG CN KR Oceania Net South East Asia Net North Asia Net Central Asia West LK South JP TH

8. Lambda Networking in North Asia (USA-Europe-Russia) Seoul-XP RENATER CA*net Beijing GEANT Nordunet US Exchange Busan Shanghai CERN Surfnet Kyushu Tokyo-XP SuperJANET DFN Abilene ESNET NREN DREN Hong Kong Lambda Lambda (in 2004~2005)

9. Broadband Access 9.1 Wireline 9.2 Wireless 9.3 Broadband Penetration 9.4 Broadband Access (2003)

9.1 Wireline (1) Dialup ~ 64 Kbps  (2) DSL/Cable 0.1 ~ 40 Mbps       Cable  1~ 10 Mbps (shared)       ADSL  1~ 8 Mbps (dedicated)       VDSL    20~ 50 Mbps or more (dedicated)   (3) Ethernet   100 Mbps ~ 10 Gbps (dedicated)                                                   

9.2 Wireless (1) Wireless LAN         802.11b 11 Mbps (shared)         802.11a         54 Mbps (shared) 802.11g 54 Mbps (shared) 802.16 50 Mbps 802.20 2 Mbps with mobility  (2) Mobile Phone 2.5~3G   0.1~ 2 Mbps          4G   20~50 Mbps                                                   

9.3                                                    Source : ITU Note : Data for Canada and United States are estimates.

9.4 Broadband Access (2003) Economy       Subscribers Per Capital Per Household   Growth Rate Korea      10 million   21% 75% ~20% Hong Kong 1 million 15% > 100% Taiwan  2.5 million       11% >100~300% Canada   2.5 million       11% 36% ~20% Japan      11 million    9% 27% >100~300% Singapore 0.3 million 7% ~20% USA        16 million      7% 18% ~20% Remark:  China is catching up, in particular among big cities.    Korea, Canada and Sweden are leading in LAN(100 Mbps) Source : Wall Street Journal (2003.10.13), ITU (2003.4.7) and Others

10. Broadband Applications : Classification (1) General Internet Access     - Browsing     - Messaging     - File Downloading     - Games (2) Audio and Video      - Audio Delivery     - Internet Telephony     - Video Delivery     - Video Conference (3) New Applications     - Peer-to-Peer Applications     - Distributed Work     - Distance Learning     - Home Content

11. EuropeAid Project for Developing Countries - Southeast Europe (SEEREN) - The Mediterranean (EUMED) - Latin America (ALICE) - Asia (“TEIN2”) for ASEM/ASEAN+ countries need good regional cooperation effort

12. Remark Digital divides may be widening in advanced networks. 2. Some emerging from developing countries to developed countries. (Example : Korea, China, ….) 3. Need good charging policy on telecommunication links. (from monopoly to market-driven) 4. Many developing countries could take advantage of “late comer” in particular on the broadband access and wireless. 5. Need good regional cooperation.

Reference K. Chon Global Research & Education Networking,2003. K. Chon  Broadband Networks,2003. ITU Promoting Broadband : Background Paper,2003. EuropeAid www.dante.net

Appendix 1. Latest Gigabit/Lambda Networking in Asia and the World 1. Lambda Networking in Asia (in 2004) 100 Gbps Europe USA 10Gbps Russia 35Gbps Korea 5Gbps 2Gbps 2.5~10Gbps Japan China Taiwan 2.5Gbps 3Gbps Hong Kong

2. Major Programs in USA - 10 Gbps Around the World Gloriad : USA – (Amsterdam) – Russia – China TransPac : USA – Japan ESNET : USA – Europe National Lambda Rail (HOPI : Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure)

2.1 Gloriad

3. Major Programs in Europe EuropAid to All Continents Eastern Europe (SEEREN) Mediterranean (EUMED) Latin America (ALICE) Asia (TEIN 2) (Africa) - GEANT 2 (2004-2008)

4. Asia Japan : Japan – Hong Kong : 2.5 Gbps (in 2004) Japan – Korea : 2 Gbps Japan – USA : TransPac 5 Gbps (20Gbps in 2004) SINET 5 Gbps IEEAF 10 Gbps China : China – Russia –(Amsterdam)– USA 10 Gbps (in 2004) China – Hong Kong 3.1 Gbps (in 2004) Taiwan : Taiwan – USA 5 Gbps

5. TransLight Lambdas European lambdas to US –8 GigEs Amsterdam—Chicago –8 GigEs London—Chicago Canadian lambdas to US –8 GigEs Chicago-Canada-NYC –8 GigEs Chicago-Canada-Seattle US lambdas to Europe –4 GigEs Chicago—Amsterdam –3 GigEs Chicago—CERN European lambdas –8 GigEs Amsterdam—CERN –2 GigEs Prague—Amsterdam –2 GigEs Stockholm—Amsterdam –8 GigEs London—Amsterdam TransPAC lambda (yellow) –1 GigE Chicago—Tokyo IEEAF lambdas (blue) –8 GigEs NYC—Amsterdam –8 GigEs Seattle—Tokyo

6. Global Lambda Interconnection Facility (GLIF) DWDM SURFnet Expected 2H03 10 Gbit/s IEEAF Geneva CERN Dwingeloo ASTRON/JIVE Prague CzechLight 2.5 Gbit/s NSF Chicago StarLight London UKLight Stockholm Northern Light CA*net4 New York MANLAN Tokyo WIDE APAN Amsterdam NetherLight

7. Lambda Workshop 2001. 9 Amsterdam 2002. 9 Amsterdam (?) 2003. 8 Iceland (Nordunet) 2004. 9 London (eScience) 2005. 9 San Diego (iGrid)

2nd Phase Abilene (SONET) 3rd Phase Abilene + NLR (HOPI) 8. Remark Internet 2 1st Phase vBNS (ATM) 2nd Phase Abilene (SONET) 3rd Phase Abilene + NLR (HOPI) Remark : NLR National Lambda Rail HOPI Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure

Reference APAN apan.net CCIRN www.ccirn.org GEANT www.dante.org Gloriad www.ccirn.org/general/presentation3.htm TransLight www.ccirn.org/general/presentation3.htm (Tom DeFanti)