1 Optical network CERNET's experience and prospective Xing Li, Congxiao Bao

2 Outline l CERNET Introduction l CERNET Operation Experience l Link Bandwidth and IP address Estimation l Next Generation Plan l Conclusion

3 Introduction l China Education and Research Network (CERNET) is the first and largest academic Internet backbone in China. l The CERNET project was started in 1994.

4 CERNET Statistics (1) l 8 national Pops are connected via 2.5Gbps DWDM links l 30 provincial Pops are connected via multiple 155Mbps SDH links l 38 GigaPops distributed in 36 cities, covering all the provinces in Mainland China. l 300 campus networks connect to their nearest Pops via 100Mbps-1Gbps links. l 1,200 education and research institutions connected and provide Internet connectivity l 12 million users l 320 million students/school kids

5 CERNET Statistics (2) Member Hosts Users

6 CERNET Statistics (3)

7 CERNET Topology

8 CERNET Performance Matrix

9 CERNET Link History l 1995 –64K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers l 1996 –512K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers –9.6K X.25 or 64K leased line to 28 provincial centers l 1997 –3.7M point-to-point satellite link to 8 regional network centers –64K point-to-point satellite link to 12 remote provincial centers l 1999 –155M SDH link to 8 regional network centers

10 CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (1) l CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project was completed in l This project using more than 20,000KM dark fiber to build CERNET's own transport network. l It is a network with 40 Gbps (16 x 2.5 Gbps) capacity and provides 2.5Gbps Internet connectivity to 8 GigaPops and multiple 155Mbps Internet connectivity to 16 cities. l CERNET has Pops in 36 cities covering all the provincial capitals and some big cities. l There were about more than 1000 universities connected.

11 CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (2)

12 CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (3)

13 Current Architecture (4) DWDM 16x2.5G Lucent SDH 16x155M Lucent Router Cisco 2.5G 155M Dark Fiber

14 CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (5)

15 Typical Site Configuration Example To BeijingTo Hefei (Ring1) OLS80G 6x155M(e) +4x155M(e) To Guangzhou 5x155M(e) ADM16/1 (Ring2) (Ring3) 2.5G To Beijing 2.5G To Nanjing 2.5G To Guangzhou Timing TSG3800 PRR-10 GSP 48VPower To University 9x155M(o) +5x155M(o) +4x155M(o) ADM16/1 2x155Me) ADM16/1 3x155M(e) 4x155M(e) OLS80G 3c 9c 1c 2c 3c 1c 2c 9c 2c 1c 9c 4c 2.5G To Chengdu 4x155M(e) To Chengdu 2c 4c 3c 9c OLS80G

16 Bandwidth Comparison Dec-94 Dec-96Dec-98Dec-00Dec-02 CERNET US

17 CERNET Operation Experience l Bandwidth is never enough l Protection can be done in layer 3 l Unified network management system is desirable l Flow control and security is essential

18 Bandwidth is never enough l But after 3 to 12 months, the links were congested again and the users were shouting for a higher bandwidth. It seems that the optical network is the only solution.

19 Protection can be done in layer 3

20 Unified network management system is desirable

21 Flow Control and Security is Essential

22 Link Bandwidth and IP Address Estimation l University Connectivity Demand l School connectivity Demand l Economical Considerations

23 University Connectivity Demand l 16 Million students enrolled in 2003 universities and institutes located in more than 260 cities in Mainland China in year l The average number of enrollment per university/institute is about 8,000 students. l If 1 Mbps connectivity is required per student, an average sized campus network will need about 8 Gbps of aggregated bandwidth. l When 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 4 Tbps aggregated bandwidth reaching more than 260 cities. l For one IP address per student assignment, 1 /8 space is needed.

24 School connectivity Demand l The student population in Mainland China is about 300 Million in There are about 1.2Million schools. l If 0.5 Mbps connectivity is required per head with 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 30 Tbps aggregated bandwidth. l For one IP address per head assignment, 19 /8 spaces are needed.

25 Economical Considerations l The calculated bandwidth should be provided with affordable price, which should be able cover –the link to the global Internet –the port to other Internet backbone in China –the construction and operation CERNET backbone –the metropolitan networks and the campus networks l What can be collected –University student 30 RMB/month –School kids 3 RMB/month

26 Next Generation Plan l CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan l CNGI and CERNET2 plan l Next Generation Network Exchange Point DragonTap l IPv6 Service l Multicast Service l Advanced Applications

27 CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (1) l 5 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities CERNET IDS CERNET Transport CERNET IP Backbone ChinaGrid

28 CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (2)

29 CNGI Backbones CPN 1 2 n MAN Global IPv6 MAN GigaPoP 6IX CPN

30 CERNET2 plan 10G 2.5G l 10 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities

31 Next Generation Network Exchange Point DragonTap

32 Advanced Applications

33 Conclusions l China is a developing country, the education modernization is the key for its future development. l Providing Internet connectivity to all the universities and schools is one of the major step in the modernization process. l CERNET architecture board is planning to upgrade the national backbone, the metropolitan networks and the campus networks again for higher performance and better manageability for affordable cost. l The scalability of providing Internet services to all the educational population in Mainland China is the key of success.