DISSERTATION DEFENSE Robert Crouch

Purpose of Study Setting of Study Theoretical Framework Research Questions Quantitative: Three Questions Qualitative: Two Questions

VariableResearch QuestionSurvey Section Independent: perceptions of diversity and inclusion initiatives Dependent: Work culture Question 1: What are the perceptions of departmental personnel regarding the impact of diversity and inclusion initiatives in improving and sustaining productive work cultures? Question 1a: What are the differences between managers’ and staff members’ ratings with respect to their perceptions of the effectiveness of diversity and inclusion initiatives? Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey: Section 2  Relationship with Team Members  Relationship with Manager  Individual’s Behaviors and Attitudes  Overall Work Culture Independent: perceptions of diversity and inclusion initiatives Dependent: Work culture Question 2: What types of diversity and inclusion initiatives are identified by departmental personnel as useful to their work culture; and what differences if any are identified by managers and staff? Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey: Section 1 Workshops and learning modules Executive coaching Mentoring Team coaching Use of web-based information Independent: perceptions of diversity and inclusion initiatives Dependent: Work culture Question 3: What is the relationship between departmental personnel’s ratings of their perceptions of diversity and inclusion initiatives and work culture scores? Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey: Section 2 and Morehead Model of Workforce Commitment Survey: Each Department’s Tier Score Variables, Research Questions and Quantitative Survey Alignment

Focus Group Questions Quantitative Survey Sections Question 1: What factors influenced your rating of questions on the survey? Question 2: What additional strategies/initiatives do you feel would positively impact your work culture? Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey: Section 2  Relationship with Team Members  Relationship with Manager  Individual’s Behaviors and Attitudes  Overall Work Culture Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey: Sections 1 Workshops and learning modules Executive coaching Mentoring Team coaching Use of web-based information Qualitative Focus Group Questions and Survey Alignment

Four sections: 1. Diverse and Inclusive Work Cultures; 2. Characteristics of Highly Effective Teams; 3. Workplace Diversity Initiatives; and 4. Measures for Assessing Work Cultures

Mixed methods explanatory sequential study including both quantitative and qualitative data collection Explanatory sequential mixed methods design Quantitative data collected Qualitative data collected The survey administered in 60-minute focus group sessions Study includes 5 departments within the hospital health system Researcher worked with the department/area between Department/area increased its work culture Tier score during a one-to-two year period (between ).

Instruments: 1. Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey Modified by the researcher Permission granted from original researcher Validity and reliability established through experts in the field of diversity and piloting the survey Cronbach Alpha: , indicating strong reliability 2. Morehead Model of Workforce Commitment Survey Work culture tier scores 3. Focus Groups Five one-hour sessions

Chapter Organization: Summary of Data in Chapter 4 for each research question Conclusions of Summary Data Research: Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 1.Diverse and Inclusive Work Cultures; 2. Characteristics of Highly Effective Teams; 3. Workplace Diversity Initiatives; and 4. Measures for Assessing Work Cultures Theoretical Framework Model of Change Theory Two Factor Theory Agency Theory

PositionEmployeesPercent Manager Staff Total Survey Participant Demographics: Job Position

What are the perceptions of departmental personnel regarding the impact of diversity and inclusion initiatives in improving and sustaining productive work cultures? One-Sample Z Test (each department) Section 2 of Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives workshops and learning modules; executive coaching; mentoring; team coaching; and use of web-based information Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis Probability (p-value less than.05) Alternative Hypothesis True (significant relationship) ARS Clickers Utilized Qualitative Question 1: What factors influenced your rating of questions on the survey? Major Themes

Survey ConstructsDepartment ADepartment BDepartment CDepartment DDepartment E Relationship with Team Members p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Relationship) p-value not less than.05 Relationship with Manager p-value less than.05 (Significant Relationship) p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Relationship) p-value less than.05 (Significant Relationship) Individual’s Behavior and Attitudes p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Relationship) Overall Work Culture p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Relationship) p-value not less than.05 Summary Table of Findings: Research Question 1: Perceptions of Departmental Personnel of Impact of Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives

Department Major Themes Department A Department B Department C Department D Department E Effective Training and Education Open Communication within Department Open Communication with Emphasis on Diversity, Differences and Respect Training and Workshops to Increase Awareness Increase in Teamwork Trusting Atmosphere Diversity Workshops Working Together as a Team Increased Communication Workshops Increased Awareness of Diversity Increased Conversations Among Co-Workers Diversity Workshops Major Themes Reflected by Five Departmental Focus Groups: What Factors Influenced Your Rating of Questions on the Survey?

What are the differences between managers’ and staff members’ ratings with respect to their perceptions of the effectiveness of diversity and inclusion initiatives? Two-Sample Z Test (each department) Section 2 of Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis Probability (p-value less than.05) Alternative Hypothesis True (significant relationship)

Survey ConstructsDepartment ADepartment BDepartment CDepartment DDepartment E Relationship with Team Members p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Difference) p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Difference) Relationship with Manager p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Difference) p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Difference) Individual’s Behavior and Attitudes p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Difference) Overall Work Culture p-value not less than.05 p-value less than.05 (Significant Difference) Summary Table of Findings: Research Question 1a: Differences Between Managers’ and Staff Members Ratings on Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey Section 2

What types of diversity and inclusion initiatives are identified by departmental personnel as useful to their work culture; and what differences if any are identified by managers and staff? Researcher worked with departments All departments not exposed to each initiative Section 1 of Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives workshops and learning modules; executive coaching; mentoring; team coaching; and use of web-based information Qualitative Question 2: What additional strategies/initiatives do you feel would positively impact your work culture?

Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives Department ADepartment BDepartment CDepartment DDepartment E Workshops and Learning Modules Manager & Staff Ranked 1 Manager Ranked 1 Staff Ranked 2 Manager & Staff Ranked 1 Manager Ranked 1 Staff Ranked 2 Manager & Staff Ranked 1 Executive Coaching Not RankedManager Ranked 3Not Ranked Mentoring (one-on- one) Not Ranked Team Coaching Manager & Staff Ranked 2 Manager Ranked 2 Staff Ranked 1 Manager & Staff Ranked 2 Manager Ranked 1 Staff Ranked 2 Manager & Staff Ranked 2 Use of Web-based Information Manager & Staff Ranked 3 Not Ranked Manager Ranked 3Not Ranked Summary Table of Findings: Research Question 2: Rankings of Top Three Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives Identified by Departmental Personnel as Most Impactful (Useful) to their Work Culture

Department Strategies/Initiatives Department A Department B Department C Department D Department E Team Building Workshops Become Comfortable with the Uncomfortable Provide Ownership/Involvement Continue to Increase Communication Huddle time in AM for about 5-Minutes Walk Together in Spare Time Use Respectful Tones with Everyone Continue to Work on Effective Communication Model Respectful Behavior Daily Continue to Work as a Team Continue to Communicate Effectively Practice More Active Listening Continue Inclusive Meetings Continue Workshops and Trainings Major Strategies/Initiatives Reflected by Five Departmental Focus Groups: What Additional Strategies/Initiatives do you Feel Would Positively Impact Your Work Culture?

What is the relationship between departmental personnel’s ratings of their perceptions of diversity and inclusion initiatives and work culture scores? Two Step Analysis Multiple Regression T-test for Regression Slope Section 2 of Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis Probability (p-value less than.05) Alternative Hypothesis True (significant relationship)

Tier Ranges Tier 1 desired level ( 4.15 & higher) Tier 2 (3.80 – 4.14) Tier 3 (3.79 and below) DepartmentPre-Tier ScorePost-Tier Score A B C D E

Survey ConstructsDepartment ADepartment BDepartment CDepartment DDepartment E Relationship with Team Members No Significant Relationship Significant Relationship Existed No Significant Relationship Relationship with Manager Significant Relationship Existed No Significant Relationship Significant Relationship Existed Individual’s Behavior and Attitudes Significant Relationship Existed No Significant Relationship Significant Relationship Existed No Significant Relationship Overall Work Culture No Significant Relationship Significant Relationship Existed No Significant Relationship Summary of Findings :Research Question 3: Relationship Between Departmental Personnel’s Ratings on Diversity and Inclusion Perceptions Survey Section 2 and Work Culture Tier Scores

1. It is recommended that this study be replicated to include a larger sample of departments/areas. 2.It is recommended that further investigation to determine initiatives/factors that are perceived to increase Work Culture Tier Scores. 3.It is recommended that further investigation should be conducted to determine how mediating variables such as staff satisfaction, staff relationship with manager and staff overall performance influence Work Culture Tier Scores.