Chapter 3 Hardware, Software, and Networks Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-1

Learning Objectives Q1. What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? Q2. What do business professionals need to know about software? Q3. What type of computer networks exist? Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-2

Learning Objectives Q4. What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? Q5. What happens on a typical web server? Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)? Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-3

What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? Categories of Computer Hardware – Input – Output – Process – Storage FIGURE 3-1 Categories of Computer Hardware Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-4

What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? Computer Data – Bits (Binary digits) – Bytes FIGURE 3-3 Units of Data for Computer Memory Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-5

What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? How does a computer work? FIGURE 3-4 Computer Components Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-6

What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? Why does a manager care how a computer works? – Performance – Memory Volatile Non-volatile Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-7

What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? What is the difference between a client and a server? – Server farm FIGURE 3-5 Client and Server Computers Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-8

What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? Categories of computer hardware Computer data How computer works and why a manager should care Differences between a client and a server Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-9

What do business professionals need to know about software? Software categories – Operating system – Applications programs FIGURE 3-7 Types of Software Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-10

What do business professionals need to know about software? What are the major operating systems? – Non-mobile client operating systems – Mobile client operating systems – Server operating systems Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-11

What do business professionals need to know about software? What are the major operating systems? FIGURE 3-8 Major Operating Systems Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-12

What are the major operating systems? Processing Systems for TPS Applications IBM X Systems Midrange systems IBM Z Systems Mainframe systems Operating SystemSystem Mainframes 8/22/2011 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-13

What do business professionals need to know about software? Own versus License – Cloud computing – Virtualization Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-14

What do business professionals need to know about software? What Types of Applications Exist, and How Do Organizations Obtain Them? – Horizontal market application software – Vertical market application software – Client-server application software – Thin client v. thick client Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-15

What do business professionals need to know about software? How do organizations acquire application software? – Off the shelf – Custom developed Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-16

What do business professionals need to know about software? Is open source a viable alternative? – Source code – Machine code – Closed source – Open source Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-17

What do business professionals need to know about software? Operating Systems Application Programs Open Source Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-18

What Type of Computer Networks Exist? Computer Network Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Internets “the Internet” Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-19

What Type of Computer Networks Exist? What are the components of a LAN? – Small office/Home office (SOHO LAN) – Wired connectivity – Wireless connections Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-20

What Type of Computer Networks Exist? What are the components of a LAN? – LAN protocols Institute for Electronic and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) IEEE (wired Ethernet) IEEE (wireless) Bluetooth Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-21

What Type of Computer Networks Exist? What are the alternatives for connecting to a WAN? – Internet Service Provider (ISP) – Digital Data – Analog Data Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-22

What Type of Computer Networks Exist? What are the alternatives for connecting to a WAN? – Modems DSL Cable Wireless FIGURE 3-15 Signal Modulation for Accessing the Internet Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-23

What Type of Computer Networks Exist? Computer Network Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Internets “the Internet” Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-24

What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? Internet’s network of networks Consists of tens of thousands of LANs and WANs TCP/IP architecture Application layer protocols TCP and IP protocols IP addressing Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-25

What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? TCP/IP architecture FIGURE 3-17 TCP/IP Architecture Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-26

8/22/2011 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27 TCP Layered Communication Internet App DL Trans Phy Source Host Destination Host Switch 1 Switch 2 Router 1 Switch 3 Router 2 Source and Destination Hosts Have 5 Layers Switches Have Two Layers --- Each Switch Port Has One Layer (1) Routers Have Three Layers --- Each Router Port Has Two Layers (1&2) TCP IP

What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? Application layer protocols – Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) – Secured Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTPS) – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-28

What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? TCP and IP protocols – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Internet Protocol (IP) Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-29

What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? IP addressing – Use of Private IP Addresses Eg – Public IP Addresses and Domain Names – Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Eg. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-30

What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? Internet’s network of networks Consists of tens of thousands of LANs and WANs TCP/IP architecture Application layer protocols TCP and IP protocols IP addressing Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-31

What happens on a typical web server? Web storefront Three-Tier architecture Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-32

What happens on a typical web server? Web storefront – server on the web from which you can buy products – Eg: FIGURE 3-19 Sample Retail Web Page Source: Used with permission of REI and Black Diamond. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-33

What happens on a typical web server? Three-Tiered architecture – User tier – Server tier Web page Web farm – Database tier Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-34

What happens on a typical web server? Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) – HTML tags <> – Hyperlinks (href) FIGURE 3-22 Example HTML Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-35

What happens on a typical web server? eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Adobe Flash Microsoft Silverlight HTML5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-36

What happens on a typical web server? Web storefront Three-Tier architecture Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-37

How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)? Virtual Private Network (VPN) – Virtual – Tunnel – Security Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-38

Ethics Guide Churn and Burn – Mark’s conspiracy theory – Does it have merit? – Discussion Questions Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-39

Conclusion Q1. What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware? Q2. What do business professionals need to know about software? Q3. What type of computer networks exist? Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-40

Conclusion Q4. What do business professionals need to know about the Internet? Q5. What happens on a typical web server? Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)? Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-41

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-42