intelligence study and design of intelligent agentsis the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as the study and design of intelligent agents John McCarthyJohn McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines” What is Artificial Intelligence?

What is Artificial Intelligence characteristics of intelligence Includes people, procedures, hardware, software, data and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of intelligence

The ability to learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience Handle complex situations, solve problems when important information is missing Determine what is important What is Intelligent Behavior?

React quickly and correctly to new situation Understand visual images, process and manipulate symbols Creative and imaginative Use heurisitics What is Intelligent Behavior?

Developed by Alan Turing, a British Mathematicia Attempts to determine whether the responses from a computer with intelligent behavior are indistinguishable from responses from humans Turing Test

is a type of challenge-response test used in computing as an attempt to ensure that the response is generated by a person.challenge-response computing The process usually involves one computer (a server) asking a user to complete a simple test which the computer is able to generate and grade. server CAPTCHA An example of Turing Test

Because other computers are assumed to be unable to solve the CAPTCHA, any user entering a correct solution is presumed to be human. Thus, it is sometimes described as a reverse Turing test, because it is administered by a machine and targeted at a human, in contrast to the standard Turing test that is typically administered by a human and targeted at a machine.reverse Turing testTuring test CAPTCHA An example of Turing Test

The term "CAPTCHA" was coined in 2000 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper, and John Langford (all of Carnegie Mellon University).Luis von AhnManuel BlumJohn LangfordCarnegie Mellon University It is an acronym based on the word "capture" and standing for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart".acronym Carnegie Mellon University attempted to trademark the term, but the trademark application was abandoned on 21 April CAPTCHA An example of Turing Test

Natural Versus Artificial Intelligence

Major Branches Of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Involves the development of mechanical or computer devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are hazardous for human beings Robotics and Automation

Include hardware and software that permit computer to capture, store and manipulate visual images and pictures Vision Systems

natural languageComputers or machines that understand and react to statements and commands made in a natural language, such as English Natural Languages Processing

Computer changes how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback Learning System

Machine or computer system that can act like or simulate the functioning of the human brain Neural Networks

Consist of hardware and software that stores knowledge and make inferences, similar to human experts Expert Systems

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