The Origins of Intelligence Testing

Origins of Intelligence Testing Alfred Binet Attempted to predict school achievement Need for standardized test Developed concept of Mental Age

Origins of Intelligence Testing Lewis Terman Interpreted Binet’s exam as a measure of innate intelligence “The children of successful and cultured parents test higher than children form wretched and ignorant homes for the simple reason that their heredity is better” Lewis Terman 1916

Origins of Intelligence Testing Stanford-Binet the widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test Used to assess immigrants and World War I army recruits Intelligence Quotient (IQ) defined originally the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 IQ = ma/ca x 100 on contemporary tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100 What do intelligence test questions look like?

Pattern Recognition 5. Which of the diagrams follows? Correct answer: A Explanation: All the characters are letters back to back (C,D,E,F)

Pattern Recognition 2. Find the picture that follows logically from the diagrams to the right. Correct answer: C

Pattern Recognition Please find the figure continuing the series:                                                     

Verbal 2. Find the answer that best completes the analogy people : democracy :: wealthy : A. oligarchy B. oligopoly C. plutocracy D. timocracy E. autocracy Correct answer: plutocracy

Verbal . Rearrange the following letters to make a word and choose the category in which it fits. RAPETEKA A. city B. fruit C. bird D. vegetable Correct answer: bird (parakeet)

Verbal 4. Which one of the sets of letters below can be arranged into a five letter English word. A. atrun B. podeb C. rnasl D. mohat E. etlrn Correct answer: rnasl (snarl)

Verbal 2. If you rearrange the letters "BARBIT", you would have the name of a: OCEAN - COUNTRY - STATE - CITY - ANIMAL  Correct Answer: Animal (Rabbit) 

Verbal The word "smart" can be created using five letters from the word "barnstorm". Correct answer: true

Logic 30 years ago it took a worker five hours to make a chair. Today it takes him just 30 minutes. a) Man has become more industrious. b) People work faster in order to avoid unemployment. c) Chairs have a shorter life cycle. d) Workers have more spare time. e) Productivity has increased. Correct answer: E

Logic Drinking and Driving causes many accidents. a) People drink too much alcohol. b) People should not drive when over the legal limit. c) There is a 20 per cent chance of causing an accident by drunken driving. d) Alcohol diminishes driving skills. e) The police should carry out more breathanalysing tests. Correct answer: D

Logic If all Boogles are Battuns, and some Battuns are Trandles, all Trandles must be Boogles Correct answer: False

Logic If a tree branch can hold three people and John weighs twice as much as Adam, and Rachel weighs half as much as Adam, then Rachel, John and Adam can all sit together on the tree branch safely. Correct answer: True

Logic 2. The day before the day before yesterday is three days after Saturday. What day is it today? A. Monday B. Tuesday C. Wednesday D. Thursday E. Friday Correct answer: E

Logic 5. 165135 is to peace as 1215225 is to A. lead B. love C. loop D. castle Correct answer: love

Logic 6. Library is to book as book is to Binding Copy Page Cover A. page B. copy C. binding D. cover Correct answer: page

Math 6. What is the missing letter? Correct answer: H Explanation: Convert each letter to its numerical equivalent in the alphabet e.g. the letter "C" is assigned the number "3". Afterwards, for each row, multiply the numerical equivalents of the first two columns in order to calculate the letter in the third column. E C O B A G N D ?

Math . Which number should come next in this series? 25,24,22,19,15 A. 4 B. 5 C. 10 D. 14 Correct answer: C Explanation: The pattern decreases progressively: -1, -2, -3, -4, -5

Math 2. Which number should come next in this series? 3,5,8,13,21, A. 4 B. 21 C. 31 D. 34 Correct answer: D Explanation: 3+5=8, 5+8=13 and so on.

Classification 1. Which one of the five is least like the other four? BEAR - SNAKE - COW - DOG - TIGER  Correct answer: Snake 

Classification 3. Which one of the five is least like the other four? POTATO - CORN - APPLE - CARROT - BEAN   Correct answer Apple

Spatial 1. Which diagram results from folding the diagram on the left? Correct answer: A                                                                                                                            Correct answer: A

Spatial 3.  Which one of the Rubik's cube below can be part of the sequence? Correct answer: C                 A B C D

Visual 2. Which figure is the odd one out?   Correct answer: D

Visual 4.Which of the following figures is the odd one out?   Correct answer: C

Assessing Intelligence Modern Tests of Mental Abilities Aptitude Test a test designed to predict a person’s future performance aptitude is the capacity to learn Achievement Test a test designed to assess what a person has learned

Assessing Intelligence Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used intelligence test subtests verbal performance (nonverbal)

Assessing Intelligence: Sample Items from the WAIS From Thorndike and Hagen, 1977 VERBAL General Information Similarities Arithmetic Reasoning Vocabulary Comprehension Digit Span PERFORMANCE Picture Completion Picture Arrangement Block Design Object Assembly Digit-Symbol Substitution

Assessing Intelligence Principles of Test Construction Standardization defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pre-tested “standardization group” Normal Curve the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

The Normal Curve

Assessing Intelligence The Flynn Effect Tests are often restandardized to keep the average score near 100 Intelligence test performance has been improving The average person’s intelligence test score 80 years ago by today’s standards would be a 76 Causes are unknown

Assessing Intelligence Reliability the extent to which a test yields consistent results assessed by consistency of scores on: Test/retest Split-half

Assessing Intelligence Validity the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to Content Validity Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure? ex: driving test that samples driving tasks Criterion behavior (such as college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

The Dynamics of Intelligence Mental Retardation a condition of limited mental ability indicated by an intelligence score below 70 produces difficulty in adapting to the demands of life varies from mild to profound Down Syndrome retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

The Dynamics of Intelligence