Creative Commons Public Licences by F. Neri e-Photon/ONe + WP-T Meeting Summer School 2006

2 Copyright Copyright laws protect books, websites, blogs, photographs, films, videos, songs and other audio & visual materials Any usage of these creative works must normally be explicitly authorized by the copyright owner (“all rights reserved”) Creative Commons – (“some rights reserved”): – no need for explicit request – clear legal framework – all rights preserved for copyright owner 

3 Related terms Open Access: free (= no fees) access to (electronic) information Public Domain: no copyright (= no ownership to be honored); CC positions between the two extremes of Copyright and Public Domain Common goals with free software and open source movements: foster information sharing to generate new knowledge

4 Who is Creative Commons? Creative Commons is a non-profit organization, founded in 2001 with the support of the Center for the Public Domain. It is currently housed at offices in San Francisco. It is led by a Board of Directors that includes cyberlaw and intellectual property experts J. Boyle, M. Carroll, M. Shaffer Van Houweling, and L. Lessig, MIT computer science professor H. Abelson, lawyer-turned- documentary filmmaker-turned-cyberlaw expert E. Saltzman, renowned documentary filmmaker D. Guggenheim, noted Japanese entrepreneur J. Ito, and public domain web publisher E. Eldred. Creative Commons released in Dec a set of copyright licenses free for public use. Taking inspiration in part from the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), Creative Commons has developed a Web application that helps people dedicate their creative works to the public domain – or retain their copyright while licensing them as free for certain uses, on certain conditions. Unlike the GNU GPL, Creative Commons licenses are not designed for software, but rather for other kinds of creative works: websites, scholarship, music, film, photography, literature, courseware, etc.

5 Creative Commons Public Licenses Attribution (always) No Commercial Use No Derivative Works Share Alike Basic condition: copy and distribute freely the work, with recognition of the original author(s). CC licences are free and freely usable, and not exclusive: the author is free to enter into other revenue-generating licenses in relation to his work

6 Six Creative Commons Public LicensesAttribution Attribution-No Commercial Use Attribution-No Commercial Use- No Derivative Works Attribution-No Derivative Works Attribution-Share Alike Attribution-No Commercial Use- Share Alike Other CC licences were and can be created

7 How are CC licences expressed? Creative Commons licenses are expressed in three different formats: – the Commons Deed (human-readable code) – the Legal Code (lawyer-readable code) – the metadata (machine readable code) The Commons Deed is a summary of the key terms of the actual license (which is the Legal Code) – basically, what others can and cannot do with the work. Think of it as the user-friendly interface to the Legal Code beneath. This Deed itself has no legal value, and its contents do not appear in the actual license The Legal Code is the actual license; a document (in National languages) designed to be enforced in a court of law

8 How are CC licences expressed? For e-Photon/ONe: English Legal Code The Digital Code permits web searches of information according to the associated copyrights (already possible with Yahoo and Google)

9 Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

10 Input material For our courseware, all used material (e.g., graphs, figures, block diagrams) must be owned by the author Otherwise, written permission must be obtained by the copyright owner (even if the author is the same) Grey area: out-of-prints, re-done figures, re- plotted graphs

11 Who owns the rights? Either individuals (e.g., Fabio Neri) or institutions (e.g., Politecnico di Torino), depending on local (national) rules, laws, employment contract, etc.

12 How to refer to CC in slides or texts? Explicit reference in the download page and in the cover pages or first slides, using a sentence like: “ This work is licensed under the Creative Commons [insert description] License. To view a copy of this license, visit [insert url]; or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. " together with the Creative Commons logo "Some Rights Reserved" which can be found in

13 An MIT OpenCourseWare page CC logo pointing to the chosen licence (Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5) Pointer to the Legal Notice

14 Important examples of CC adoption OpenCourseWare project at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); all teaching material available under CC: Connexions project at Rice University; full e-learning offer under CC: Public Library of Science; several medical journals in open access with growing impact factors: Other EC projects distribute courseware under CC; for example: Embedded WiSeNts (FP6 CA Project )

15 Applications in other domains telecom manufacturers: Nokia publishers: Penguin, Fayard, O’Reilley music: Gilberto Gil, David Byrne, Wilco fiction writers: Cory Doctorow, Wu Ming broadcasters: PBS (USA), BBC (UK) Often mixed business models are used, in which some creative works are free and shareble, and other are offered in more traditional ways

16 Trends National Institute of Health (NIIH): all papers in open access after a short period of time y_id= European Commission: recent recommendation to have all papers funded by EC research programs in open access: scientific-publication-study_en.pdf There is a trend to extend open access to all scientific publications funded by public money The scientific literature will be mainly distributed on-line and in open access; publication costs will be mainly paid by authors, not by users

17 More information CNET paper on CC: CC FAQ: Flash animation "Get Creative": Reading list: "Facts Sheet" on CC: creative_commons_factsheet.pdf# search=%22Own- it%20FAQ%20Creative%20Commons%22