49 The Eye: I. Optics of Vision

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Presentation transcript:

49 The Eye: I. Optics of Vision Dr. A.R. Jamshidi Fard 2011

Visual System

Visual Pathway

EYEBALL 3 Tunics 3 Chambers Tunica Fibrosa: cornea, sclera Tunica Vasculosa: choroid, ciliary body, iris Tunica Nervosa: retina 3 Chambers Anterior Chamber Posterior Chamber Vitreous Body

Light Refraction

Refraction of Light

Emmetropia بينايى طبيعى

Optics of the Eye

Ametropia نقص انکسارى بينايى Refractive error Ametropia نقص انکسارى بينايى Near sightedness (Myopia) Farsightedness (Hyperopia) Astigmatism Presbyopia

Presbyopia پيرچشمى Physiologic loss of accommodation in advancing age around 45 years of age , accommodation become less than 3 D -->reading is possible at 40-50 cm difficult reading of fine print Headache Visual fatigue

Anisometropia ناهمسانى انکسارى چشمها Difference in refractive power between 2 eyes

Nearsighted or Farsighted

Correction of Myopia and Hyperopia by Use of Lenses Errors of Refraction (Normal Vision) (Farsightedness) (Nearsightedness) Correction of Myopia and Hyperopia by Use of Lenses

Astigmatism

Visual Acuity

Visual Acuity Test

Cataracts With age, lens becomes hard and opaque Diabetes mellitus Heavy smoking Vision becomes hazy and distorted, will lead to blindness Surgical removal or glasses

Glocoma

Ophthalmoscope

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