Histology and embryology Uropoetic system Histology and embryology

Uropoetic system Kidney (Ren) Ureter (Ureter) Nephrone (Nephron) Collecting tubules (Tubuli colligentes) Callices (Calices renales) Renal pelvis (Pelvis renalis) Ureter (Ureter) Urinary bladder (Vesica urinaria) Urethra (Urethra)

Development of urinary system Development of kidney Pronephros Mesonephros Metanephros Development of excretory passages

Pronephros Intermedial mesoderm of cranial 12-13 somites From 21st day (4 somites) Rudimental, soon disappear Persistent ductus Wolffi

Mesonephros From intermedial mesoderm Sac elongates to ductus Wolffi In stage of 27-28 somites ingrowths to cloaca From about 23rd day With glomerulum and collective tubule Caudal part is origin for gonads

Metanephros Definitive stage of kidney nephrogenic blastema 3rd to 5th lumb. somites Development begins at the end of 5th week Relative ascent during development Ureteral bud grows to blastema Ureteral bud – ureter, pelvis, large and small calices and collecting tubules metanephrogenic blastema - nephrone

Induction of nephrons Interaction between blastema and ureteric bud Connecting with the branch of ureteral bud Later development of nephrone Distance of glomerulum from the renal medulla is the function of age Oldest nephrons – juxtamedular

Development of excretory passages Urinary bladder Developed from cranial part of urogenital sinus Urachus Separation of excretory passages for urine and genital ducts Urethra From medial part of urogenital sinus (at females) From medial and caudal part (at males) and glandular plate

Kidney (Ren) Nephron Intersticium Juxtaglomerular apparatus Blood supply Intrarenal excretory passages for urine

Nepron Renal body Proximal tubule Intermedial tubule Distal tubule Glomerulum Bowman‘s capsule Proximal tubule Intermedial tubule Distal tubule

Renal body (Malpighi) Glomerulum Bowman‘s capsule Filtration barier a. afferens  a. efferens fenestrated capilaries w/o diaphragm Bowman‘s capsule Parietal part (squamous epitelium) Visceral part (podocytes - pedicles) Filtration barier basal membrane - collagen type IV and heparan sulfate Mesangial cells

Proximal tubule Single layered cubic epitelium Brush border on apical part Basolateral labyrinth Abundand mitochondrias Resorption of NaCl and water (80-95%) Na+ into cell pasive, out active

Intermedial tubule Thin limb of Henle‘s loop Squamous cells, poorly organels Descendent part permebile for water Ascendent part inpermeabile for water — Juxtamedular nephrons have long HL countercurrent multiplier - hyperosmotic medulla

Distal tubule Cells are lower than in proximal tubule No brush border Basolateral labyrinth Reabsorption of natrium, secretion of kalium macula densa - chemoreceptors (Cl-)

Juxtaglomerular apparatus Parts: macula densa of distal tubule granular cells of afferens arteriol (also efferens) mesangial cells Function: Regulation of blood pressure - renin

Intersticium Connected with basal lamina of vessels and tubules Cortical vs. medullar Cells: Fibroblast-like cells Cells with lipid droplets Macrophages, pericytes Non-cellular elements proteoglycans, glycoproteins, interstitial fluid

Blood supply aa. interlobares aa. arcuatae aa. corticales radiatae aa. capsulares aa. afferentes aa. efferentes Peritubular capillaries vasa recta vv. arcuatae vv. corticales radiatae vv. stellatae vv. interlobares

Intrarenal excretory passages Collecting tubules (Tubulli colligentes) Single layered cubic epithelium Round nucleus, light cytoplasm Papilar ducts (Ductus pappilares) Single layered columnar epithelium Light cytoplasm Regulated water reabsorption (ADH)

Slide U1- kidney HE Slide U2 - kidney Van Gieson Slides Slide U1- kidney HE Slide U2 - kidney Van Gieson

Kidney HE (U1)

Kidney Van Gieson (U2)

Renal diseases Acute pyelonephritis Diabetic nephropathy

Excretory passages Calices and pelvis Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

Excretory passages Mucosa (tunica mucosa) epithelium transitional lamina propria mucosae (collagen) Smooth muscle (tunica muscularis) Adventitia (tunica adventitia)

Renal pelvis and calices 2-3 calices in every pelvis 2-3-layered transitional epithelium Smooth muscle cells spirally

Ureter Folded mucosa Smooth muscle Inner layer longitudinal Outer layer circular

Slides Slide U3 - ureter HE

Ureter HE (U3)

Urinary bladder Mucosa folded except of area trigonum vesicae 3-layered smooth muscle layer inner plexiform middle circular ( m. sphincter vesicae) outer longitudinal Part of bladder covered by serosa (peritoneum)

Slide U4 – urinary bladder HE Slide U5 – urinary bladder Van Gieson Slides Slide U4 – urinary bladder HE Slide U5 – urinary bladder Van Gieson

Urinary bladder HE (U4)

Urinary bladder Van Gieson (U5)

Urethra Male urethra have 4 parts: Female urethra First two part covered by transitional epithelium Other two covered by multilayered sqaumous epithelium Female urethra Transitional epithelium in intramural part, continuing with multilayered squamous