Age-Related Identification of Emotions at Different Image Sizes 學生：董瑩蟬

Purpose This paper main purpose to investigated the age different with reaction time and accuracy. They want to know the different size that effect the accuracy and reaction time.

Reference The older adults has worse visual acuity. (Fozard et al., 2001) Mather and Carstensen (2003) showed that the older adults were slower to identify the location. When presented in the same location as a negative facial expression. Malatesta et al. (1987) found that older adults were less ability to identify emotions than younger adults.

Method Participants –Three groups, each group has 20 person. –Younger (M=23 years), middle (M=49 years) and older (M=71 years) –All participant required to finish Mini Mental Status Examination, and the test score more than 27 points that were permitted to participate.

Method Equipment –Microsoft paint –Telephonics on the Earscan MP Pure Tone Audionmeter: hearing test –Corrective Lenses: vision test –17-inch CRT monitor: emotion identification task –E-Prime: collect accuracy and response

Method Process –The first day required to test group- administered of perceptual and psychomotor speed, working and long-term memory functioning, spatial and verbal reasoning ability and general knowledge measures. –Second day, the first test was hearing and vision –Participants finished the emotion identification task

Method Emotion identification task –Each trial present name of emotion with capital for 2 seconds –Next the picture present until participant respond –The subjects feel the name and picture match that to press the slash(/) key and press the Z not match

Method Design –Age (three levels) –Picture size Small : 2.1 × 2.7 cm Medium :4.1 × 5.5 cm Large :8.2 × 10.9 cm –Emotion : happy, sad, angry, disgust, fear, surprise (frome Ekman and Friesen, 1976)

Result-accuracy

The size has significant different on accuracy. (F(2,114)=3.225, p=0.04) There were interaction with age × emotion. (F(10,285)=1.907,p=0.04) Figure l showed that the angry accuracy was significant lower than other emotion average accuracy. (F(1,57)= , P<0.001)

Result-accuracy Older significant worse than younger –Fearful F(1,57)=11.040, P=0.002 –Sad F(1,57)=9.785, P=0.003 –Surprise F(1,57)=8.980, P=0.004 Older significant different with middle –Sad F(1,57)=14.947, P<0.001 –Fearful F(1,57)=11.561, P=0.001

Result-reaction time

The emotion has significant different with reaction time. Happy A Sad B Surprised B Fearful BC Disgusted CD Angry D

Result-reaction time There were interaction of age and sized. (F(5,235)=29.492,p<0.001) The older reaction time significantly slower at small sizes. (F(1,57)=14.367, P<0.001).

Discussion Older adults identified negative emotions that less accurately than younger adults. This result different from Calder et al.(2003). The multiple-choice aspect of the task allowed superior performance on these faces because of a cancellation strategy.

Conclusion The older adults tended to show worse accuracy than the other age groups. The small size performance were worse at all age groups. The reaction time only for older adults showed worse performance on small size. All age groups were short time in happy emotions and slowest in angry.