Cytology

Cytology- Study of the Cell: A cell is the basic, living, structural and functional unit of the body. Cytology is the science concerned with the study of cells.

Cell Function Like other anatomical structures, cells exhibit a particular size and form because they are intended to perform a certain function.

Neuron Cell Cells structure allows it to receive & transmit signals to other parts of the body.

Red Blood cell The structure of blood cells allow it to transport Oxygen, toxins, etc.

White blood cell (phagocyte) Its structural surface allows the white blood cells to attach to invading pathogens and engulf them.

Structures of the “typical” cell Although no typical cell exists, the majority of cells share similar structures.

Plasma (Cell) Membrane: Surrounds the cell and separates it from other cells and the external environment. It is composed primarily of proteins and phospholipids.

Functions of the Plasma Membrane Functionally, the plasma membrane facilitates contact with other cells, provides receptors, and mediates the passage of materials. The membrane's selectively permeable nature restricts the passage of certain substances.

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is the substance inside the cell that contains organelles and inclusions.

Nucleus The nucleus controls cellular activities and contains the genetic information. Cells without nuclei, such as mature red blood cells, do not grow or reproduce.

Ribosomes Functionally, ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum: The ER provides mechanical support, conducts intracellular nerve impulses in muscle cells, exchanges materials with cytoplasm, transports substances intracellularly, stores synthesized molecules. and helps export chemicals from the cell.

Other organelles Mitochondria: The mitochondria are called "powerhouses of the cell" because ATP is produced in them. Golgi Complex (Golgi Body): They collect secretory products and package for export or cell use. Lysosomes: Lysosomes are spherical structures that contain digestive enzymes. They are formed from Golgi complexes.

Cell Lab Question: How does the structure of a cell dictate function? Hypothesis: I believe structure affects function by….. Procedure: You will observe, draw, and label 5 types of cells. TRY to draw ONLY a CELL. NOT the whole slide. Data: On your drawing, label the nucleus, cell membrane, & cilia/flagella if present. Conclusion: Describe what you found. Cell Type (check slide name) Drawing Function of cell