copyright cmassengale Photosynthesis Energy & Life copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Biochemical Energy copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Autotrophs Plants and some other types of organisms that contain chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food. copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Autotrophs Autotrophs include organisms that make their own food Autotrophs can use the sun’s energy directly Euglena copyright cmassengale
Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT Energy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical Energy can be changed from one form to another Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale ATP – Cellular Energy Adenosine Triphosphate Stores energy in phosphate bonds Also contains the nitrogen base adenine & a ribose sugar Main Molecule Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms copyright cmassengale
One phosphate bond has been removed ADP Adenosine Diphosphate ATP releases energy, a phosphate, & ADP when the phosphate bond is broken. One phosphate bond has been removed copyright cmassengale
Releasing Energy From ATP Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP Loose Gain copyright cmassengale
Cells Using Biochemical Energy Cells Use ATP For: Active transport Movement Photosynthesis Protein Synthesis Cellular respiration All other cellular reactions copyright cmassengale
The Photosynthetic Reactions copyright cmassengale
It Begins with Sunlight! copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Photosynthesis Involves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H20) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Oxygen (O2) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose) copyright cmassengale
The Photosynthesis Equation copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Pigments In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria copyright cmassengale
Photoautotrophs Absorb Light Energy copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Inside A Chloroplast copyright cmassengale
Structure of the Chloroplast Double membrane organelle Outer membrane smooth Inner membrane forms stacks of connected sacs called thylakoids Thylakoid stack is called the granum (grana-plural) Gel-like material around grana called stroma copyright cmassengale
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Light Dependent Reactions Occurs across the thylakoid membranes (contain chlorophyll) Uses light energy Produce Oxygen from water Convert ADP to ATP Also convert NADP+ into the energy carrier NADPH copyright cmassengale
Light Dependent Reaction copyright cmassengale
Light Dependent Summary Reactants: H2O Light Energy Products: ATP NADPH Oxygen (waste) copyright cmassengale
Light Independent Reaction ATP & NADPH from light reactions used as energy Atmospheric C02 is used to make sugars like glucose and fructose The light dependent reaction is also known as the Calvin Cycle Occurs in the stroma copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Function of the Stroma Light Independent(without light) reactions occur here ATP used to make carbohydrates like glucose Location of the Calvin Cycle copyright cmassengale
Light Independent Summary Reactants: Carbon Dioxide ATP (from LD) NADPH (from LD) Products: NADP+ ADP Glucose (sugar) copyright cmassengale
Photosynthesis Overview copyright cmassengale
Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis Amount of available water Temperature Amount of available light energy copyright cmassengale