NASA/GMAO Activities in Support of JCSDA S. Akella, A. da Silva, C. Draper, R. Errico, D. Holdaway, R. Mahajan, N. Prive, B. Putman, R. Riechle, M. Sienkiewicz, M. Suarez, R. Todling, R.Gelaro Ongoing Major contributions to GSI development All-sky satellite radiance assimilation Integration of NASA satellite data (TRMM, GPM, MLS, OMPS-LP) Observation impact studies Production of new nature run for OSSEs Staging of data on JIBB machine, hosted by NCCS Aerosol modules in GFS, for air quality, etc. Possible near-future SMAP information Air quality – modified aerosols, reactive chemistry

All-Sky Satellite Radiance Assimilation Will McCarty, Min-Jeong Kim, Dan Holdaway, Ron Errico Status and near-term plans AMSU-A and MHS cloud-affected MW radiances being assimilated in research mode. Linearized GEOS-5 microphysics incorporated. Background and observation errors included for cloud-ice and -liquid control variables. GSI expanded to assimilate cloud-affected IR radiances using a gray- body assumption. Current efforts targeted to assimilation of GPM/GMI all-sky radiances. Use GMAO OSSE framework to examine/refine all-sky methodology and results (observation errors, increment characteristics,...).

Results for Microwave All-Sky Radiance Assimilation (AMSU-A) 30 June Z GEOS-5 Background Clouds Cloud Analysis Increments Observed (GSI-Retrieved) Clouds Increments of vertically integrated cloud water move GEOS-5 background closer to observations Min-Jeong Kim

Expand GSI to include cloud- affected infrared radiances Essential to expanding the number of observations considered from infrared instruments (~80% of observations at the surface are rejected) CRTM expanded to incorporate clouds under a gray-body assumption (single, fractionally-covered cloud) GSI extended to include a flexible cloud height in the analysis: allows adjustment of initial guess First results suggest errors in GSI cloud detection require further investigation StdDev (T cloudy – T clear ) at 850 hPa Temperature (K) Used Cloudy Obs for AIRS Ch. 123 (12  m) Will McCarty

First assess cloud screening methods used to separate observations affected and unaffected by clouds Relate errors in cloud detection to analysis statistics and adjoint based observation impacts Cloud contamination entering the analysis is readily apparent both in terms of the observation departures (cold cloud signal) and adjoint-based observation impacts (degrades 24hr forecast) Obs Departure (O-F, K)Impact per Ob (J/kg) Low Clouds Improved Handling of Clouds in the Infrared in GEOS-5/GSI AIRS Channel Will McCarty

Assimilation of TRMM/TMI and GPM/GMI Radiances Jianjun Jin, Will McCarty, Min-Jeong Kim Status and near-term plans In preparation for assimilating GPM/GMI radiances, GSI has been extended to assimilate TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) level-1 clear-sky radiances (9 channels: GHz). GPM is providing GMI radiances in real-time for early development. efforts; scientifically usable data started in mid-April GSI has been extended to assimilate GMI clear-sky radiances. Extension to GMI all-sky radiance assimilation is underway.

Assimilation of TMI Radiances in GEOS-5 TMI clear-sky radiances assimilated in GEOS-5 for the period 15 Mar – 31 May 2012 Channels 3 – 9 (19 – 89 GHz) TMI radiance assimilation acts to lessen model precipitation, moving it towards the GPCP retrieved product. Mean Obs Departure (K) RMS Obs Departure (K) Mean Rain Rate 40 o N – 40 o S (mm/day) Jianjun Jin

Assimilation of GMI Radiances in GEOS-5 “Plumbing Tests” GPM Orbits TRMM Orbits TMI and GMI Channel 7 Clear-Sky O-F (K) TMI and GMI Channel 3 Clear-Sky O-F (K) GMI observation departures (O-F) comparable to those for TMI 4 Apr z Jianjun Jin

Adjoint-based Observation Impacts Dan Holdaway, Rahul Mahajan, Ricardo Todling, Jong Kim, Ron Gelaro Status and near-term plans Routine monitoring in near real time continues... January 2014 trials include updated physics (cloud scheme, boundary layer, gravity wave drag, radiation) and additional data types (SSMI/S, MetOp-B, S-NPP). Exploring extension of impact lead time to 48 hrs using Gaussian quadrature (translates to using a single average trajectory, versus two separate trajectories, for model adjoint integration).

Observation CountFraction of Obs that Improve the Forecast GEOS-5 Adjoint-Based 24-h Observation Impacts ALL DATA TYPES Total Impact

Observation Count SATELLITE RADIANCE PLATFORMS Total Impact IR MW GEOS-5 Adjoint-Based 24-h Observation Impacts Fraction of Obs that Improve the Forecast