Quiz #1 1. Where is the USA situated? 2. Name of the flag (number of stars and stripes) 3. Capital, President and Independence Day (date) 4. герб, девиз 5. Name at least 3 national symbols Star Spangled Banner Lyrics

Human Settlement in the Americas THE FIRST AMERICANS Human Settlement in the Americas

The Last Ice Age: 1. Between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago during the last Ice Age, glaciers covered a large part of the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Europe, and Northern Asia). 2. Water level in oceans decreased due to the increase in size of glaciers. 3. Land was exposed in Bering Strait between Asia and North America. 4. Land bridge is known as Beringia. About 750 miles wide. ICE AGE: Period of time when glaciers covered many parts of the Northern Hemisphere. GLACIERS: A huge sheet of ice.

Early American Migration: 1. Herds of animals migrated over land bridge. 2. Groups of human nomads followed herds. 3. Over thousands of years, early Americans migrated to all parts of the America’s. NOMAD: A person or group of people who move from place to place in search of food. Asia Bering Strait North America

4. These early humans were Stone Age people 4. These early humans were Stone Age people. Stone was their most advanced form of technology for tools and weapons.

5. Early humans lived during the period of time known as prehistory. PREHISTORY: The period of time before humans learned to write. -Early humans did not know how to write, therefore, they left no written records such as books, journals, or articles. -Since early humans did not know how to write, archeologists and historians have to rely on artifacts to learn about early humans. ARCHEOLOGIST: A scientist who searches for and studies artifacts in order to learn how early people lived. ARTIFACT: An object made by humans, such as tools, weapons, and pottery, and left behind by them. 6. Knowledge and culture was passed on through oral history. ORAL HISTORY: The passing on of a person or group’s history through the telling of stories and singing of songs. CULTURE: The way of life for a group of people.

First Americans: 1. Depended on hunting and gathering for food and clothing. 2. Could not farm. 3. Tools and weapons made from stone, bone, and wood. 4. Died in early 30’s. 5. Followed herds of animals across land bridge to North America.

Animals They Hunted: Wooly mammoth. Bear. Bison. Deer. Anything they could catch and eat.

Farming: 1. Around 7,000 BC, humans in Central America learned to farm. 2. At first, they grew corn, beans, and squash. 3. Over time, other humans in the America’s learned to farm. 4. This allowed for civilizations to emerge. 5. The 1st civilizations were in Central and South America. Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. Squash Beans Corn (Maize)

Native American Groups: By the time that the Europeans began arriving in the New World, there were groups of Native Americans throughout the America’s.

The Land Bridge (Beringia)

The First Americans The Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas

The Mayas When: Between 250 A.D and 900 A.D Where: Mayas built large cities and temples in what is now Southern Mexico and Central America Important Achievements: The Mayas developed arts, a system of government and a written language. They observed the stars and studied the heavens. ***The Mayas also developed the most accurate calendar known until modern times. What happened to the Mayas?: Around 900 A.D, the Mayas began to abandon their great cities they had built. Disease or overpopulation may have caused the decline. Although the Mayan civilization is gone, the Mayan language still forms the root of more than 20 languages of Central America.

The Mayan Calendar (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3odJDGKPPTU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyvw6G9Max0 )

The Aztecs When: As the Mayan civilization declined around 900 A.D., the Aztec civilization was on the rise. Where: The Aztecs built a great capital city, Tenochtitlan (tay noch teet lahn) on the site of present-day Mexico City, Mexico. Important Achievements: More than 200,000 people lived in Tenochtitlan at its height, making it perhaps the largest city in the world at that time. Religion dominated Aztec life. The Aztecs practised human sacrifice as an offering to their gods. What happened to the Aztecs?: Cortes and the Spanish arrived in 1519, captured Montezuma the Aztec leader, destroyed the capital city of Tenochtitlan, and claimed the land as a colony for Spain. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNzERlekfPE, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W08sSUI60sw )

The Incas When: By the 1400’s, the Inca empire in South America was the largest empire in the world. Where: The vast empire of the Incas stretched down the coast of South America along the Andes Mountains all the way to the Amazon rain forest. Important Achievements: Capital city of Cuzco was linked to other cities and towns by a great network of roads. The Incas constructed large buildings, walls for their farms, canals to carry water and bridges over deep canyons. Inca rulers wore gold and silver jewelry, and their palaces contained plates of gold. What happened to the Incas?: By 1533, Francisco Pizzaro and the Spanish invaded Peru, captured the Inca ruler and the capital city of Cuzco.

The Incas (http://www. youtube. com/watch. v=yHhjF13g4-E, http://www

Pocahontas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9q1QF8G47oU