The Russian Revolution

?? What you should know ?? Why did Russia drop out of WWI? How did this help Germany? What did V. I. Lenin promise the Soviet Union?

Russian History -- Россия For years Russia is ruled by Tsars (or Czars)- kings or queens with total control. Nobles/Landowners had little power, but were allowed to control serfs (peasants). Serfs lived in poverty similar to slaves with no chance of education.

The Duma Duma- Russian Legislature Elected officials, over half appointed by Tsar Nicholas II. Officials have NO real power.

Poor Conditions Rural farmers and peasant were upset and starving due to poor harvests. Workers in cities were upset with poor working conditions after Industrialization. The Tsars’ refused to make any changes and the majority of the people were upset.

Tsar Nicholas II Russian citizens became angry at Tsar Nicholas II for not making reforms (changes).

Lack of Changes Political- Did not like czar in power-no representation or voice. Economic- Poor wages and working conditions, starvation due to outdated farming methods. Social- oppression of lower classes, overcrowded cities, WWI draft and loss of soldiers. The rise of Marx….

Karl Marx “Workers will rise up and take control of factories themselves….” Class struggle Bourgeoisie versus Proletariat

Workers Demand Changes Many workers followed Karl Marx’s ideas (Marxists) and formed unions. Karl Marx- “Workers will unite and overthrow the owners.” Formed two political groups: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

Effects of WWI Russian soldiers became tired of the ‘stalemate’ with Germany in the war. Lack of supplies, weaponry, millions of losses, low moral, and many defeats under Tsar Nicholas II leadership angered troops.

Russian Soldiers

Romanov Family

~World War I was NOT going well for Russia. They had the largest population and land mass but were the least industrialized. ~Bloody Sunday in 1905 ~Losing the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-05 ~Rasputin running the government for the most part, while Tsar Nicholas II was at the Eastern Front.

~Suffered from hemophilia Rasputin                                                                             Tsarevich Alexei ~Suffered from hemophilia Rasputin – read page 703

>Rasputin was hated by the Russian Nobility. He was eventually killed by the Russian nobility. >He was Poisoned (Cyanide). >Shot. >And finally drowned (in the Neva River).

Demands Citizens demanded a better say in the government and to make changes or there would be action. Staged numerous protests and riots in Petrograd.

~The Czar abdicated (gave up) the throne of Russia. TSAR ABDICATES ~The Czar abdicated (gave up) the throne of Russia.

Czar Kerensky Fatal mistake to stay in the war! +Takes over leadership. +Wants to move towards Democracy. Fatal mistake to stay in the war!

Lenin and the Revolution Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin. Active in Revolution since early 1880’s. Would lead the new government out of WWI.

TWO PARTIES - - Pro - Communism BOLSHEVIKS “Majority”, led by Vladimir I. Lenin. Party where the Russian workers would lead the country. Soon known as the Communist Party. MENSHIVIKS “Minority”, broke away from Bolsheviks. Were moderate to those who opposed Communist ideas. Led by Julius Martov.

A Chain reaction A Chain reaction MAIN IDEA Europe goes to war with new alliances on the Western and Eastern Front. So Far...                                                                                                                                A Serbian assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria's prince) on June 28, 1914. In response, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. This was the main trigger to start World War I; it was a chain reaction that brought all the European nations in to a deadly war. Previously, there was the following alliance systems: Triple Entente, which included Great Britain, France, and Russia. Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The Triple Entente and Triple Alliance were just a alliance between European nations. They promised to help each other when their allies get invaded. However these alliances would not last forever. (Right) This is a map of the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente nations in Europe. However after the chain reaction, they would not exist anymore. source Alliances in New Colors MAIN IDEA Europe goes to war with new alliances on the Western and Eastern Front. So Far...                                                                                                                                A Serbian assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria's prince) on June 28, 1914. In response, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. This was the main trigger to start World War I; it was a chain reaction that brought all the European nations in to a deadly war. Previously, there was the following alliance systems: Triple Entente, which included Great Britain, France, and Russia. Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The Triple Entente and Triple Alliance were just a alliance between European nations. They promised to help each other when their allies get invaded. However these alliances would not last forever. (Right) This is a map of the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente nations in Europe. However after the chain reaction, they would not exist anymore. source Alliances in New Colors    A Chain reaction To begin, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. In result, Serbia’s ally, Russia, joined the war and helped out Serbia (both had Slavic people). As Russia joined the war, German, Austria-Hungary’s ally, also came in and joined the war. Moreover, France, Russia’s ally, joined the war. Having two enemies on both west and east side, German declared war to both Russia and France. Italy was originally in the Triple Alliance, but because Italy thought that Germans made unwanted attack to Belgium, they joined the Allies.    A Chain reaction To begin, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. In result, Serbia’s ally, Russia, joined the war and helped out Serbia (both had Slavic people). As Russia joined the war, German, Austria-Hungary’s ally, also came in and joined the war. Moreover, France, Russia’s ally, joined the war. Having two enemies on both west and east side, German declared war to both Russia and France. Italy was originally in the Triple Alliance, but because Italy thought that Germans made unwanted attack to Belgium, they joined the Allies. War in Europe War in Europe

Support of Military Along with the workers, the military rebelled against the government after continuous defeats. Military sided with Revolutionaries, removed and killed Tsar Nicholas II and his family.

- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin “Land, Peace, and Bread.” - Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Civil War Bolsheviks and their opponents (those against radical change) fought a two year civil war. Reds versus Whites (1918-1920) Eventually Bolsheviks defeat opponents and create the Soviet Union, a communist nation. 1922

End of the War for Russia . After overthrowing the Russian Government, Lenin signs a treaty with Germany. The treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed in March 1918. It is a bad treaty for Russia which is now the Soviet Union. Russia loses some territory, pays war reparations and Germany no longer must fight on the EASTERN FRONT.

United Soviet Socialist Republic Each person was to work to their ability and received their needs. Government controlled all industry and owned all land. Idea appealed to the large number citizens and to poor serfs.

?? What you should know ?? Why did Russia drop out of WWI? How did this help Germany? What did V. I. Lenin promise the Soviet Union?

The RISE of STALIN

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) How did Stalin achieve power? 2.) Explain the Five-Year Plan. 3.) How would Joseph deal with threats to his power?

New Economic Policy – N.E.P Peasants worked on small plots of land. Harvested crops went to the Gov’t. Allowed to sell their ‘surplus’ of crops. Soviet economy getting better gradually. Then in 1924, something happens….

V.I. Lenin is dead January 1924 – Lenin passes away. Communists must choose new leader of the party. Leon Trotsky versus Joseph Stalin Stalin put supporters of his in top positions. Supporters isolated Trotsky and he fled the country. !!STALIN LEADS!! GOAL: To make Soviet Union a modern industrial power.

Lenin worried about his friend Joseph “Comrade Stalin….has concentrated an enormous power in his hands ; and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient caution.” -- V.I. Lenin He wanted someone who was more tolerate, loyal, and considerate of other communists.

Stalin’s Five-Year Plans Five-Year Plans aimed at building industry, transportation, and farm output. Command Economy established. All economic activity controlled by gov’t. High production goals set – QUOTAS Collectives – farms owned and operated by peasants as a group or gov’t. No more individual ownership. Peasants/farmers rebel and kill animals, destroy tools and machinery. Stalin upset, has wealthy KULAKS killed.

Paranoid leader Stalin worries everyone is out to get him. 1934 – THE GREAT PURGE Secret Police sought out those against Stalin or his government/country. Old Bolsheviks, communist and military leaders targeted. Charged with crimes, “show trials” held. Some sent to labor-camps, 4 million executed. Maybe even a higher toll….

Foreign Policy Goals Soviet Union wants to join League of Nations. Sought good relations with WESTERN NATIONS. U.S.A had the “Red Scare” – fearful of communism spreading. Stalin still wants revolutions to take place elsewhere – world-wide communism. Soviet Union does make friends with “the WEST”.

Stalin’s Style The Soviet Union is now a Totalitarian State. One-party dictatorship controls every aspect of citizens lives. Use of terror to ensure obedience. Propaganda on radio and newspaper aimed at gaining support of communism and evils of capitalism. Revived NATIONALISM !!

Stalin’s Style continued…. Censorship of all types of media. Communist Newspaper – Called Pravda ~~ “TRUTH”. Artwork had to showcase communism in a positive light. Socialist Realism >By the 1940’s Stalin had helped make the Soviet Union a military superpower and leader in manufacturing heavy industry. >But he left millions dead in his wake.

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) How did Stalin achieve power? 2.) Explain the Five-Year Plan. 3.) How would Joseph deal with threats to his power?