ARCHETYPE NOTES

WHAT IS AN ARCHETYPE? CARL JUNG discovered that humans have a “preconscious PSYCHIC disposition.” In other words, humans all share certain unconscious, INSTINCTUAL ideas, dreams, and notions. When these ideas come out in images or in literature, we call them ARCHETYPES.

According to Jung, archetypes are a result of a Universal Unconsciousness, and because of this, Universal Patterns begin to surface in art.

This is why so many stories, tales, epics, and parables share SIMILAR characters, symbols, themes, and stages of plot development, even literature written in different parts of the world, in different CULTURES, and at different times in HISTORY!

Stories also share patterns; these patterns will often take a CIRCULAR form from the beginning to the end of the story. One example of this is the hero’s journey or the hero cycle.

ARCHETYPE DEFINED: It is a recurring pattern of characters, situations, or symbols existing universally and instinctively in man’s unconscious.

CHARACTER ARCHETYPES

HERO/ HEROINE

HERO Mysterious birth Homeward bound Loses favor Transfers from External to Internal World Is often Reborn in some way Will often Discover that they “had the power all along”

The Hero With a 1000 Faces The Hero- Quotes from Joseph Campbell’s The Hero With a 1000 Faces “The hero is a man of self-achieved submission. But submission to what? That precisely is the riddle that today we have to ask ourselves and that it is everywhere the primary virtue and historic deed of the hero to have solved.” (16) “The first step, detachment or withdrawal, consists in a radical transfer of emphasis from the external to the internal world, macro- to microcosm...” (17) “…so that he comes back as one reborn, made great and filled with creative power… to see again what has always been revealed.” (36) “The godly powers sought and dangerously won are revealed to have been within the heart of the hero all the time.” (39)

MENTORS: someone the hero looks up to and who teaches the hero what he or she needs to know

FATHER-SON CONFLICT (can also be viewed as a situational archetype, but does effect the characters that are involved) Separation Disagreement between father and son Resentment of father by his son

HUNTING GROUP COMPANIONS (can also be viewed as either a situational or a character archetype) Often a group of hunting companions will become lost in the woods and unwillingly discover adventure and danger there.

LOYAL RETAINERS: those who stand beside the main character through everything

FRIENDLY BEAST Appears to be a horrible monster, but has a heart of gold and helps our hero

EVIL FIGURE-GOOD HEART Saved from eternal evil or wrongdoings by hero’s nobility Saved by love

OUTCAST Wanderer Disagrees with societal norms

SCAPEGOAT : one who is blamed for other’s actions or wrongdoings

DEVIL FIGURE An evil figure with devil-like characteristics

CREATURE OF NIGHTMARE An evil creature born from man’s (often our hero’s) deepest, darkest, psychological fears

STAR-CROSSED LOVERS Can be viewed as character or situational When fate, the gods, or other mystical outside forces work against true love

WOMEN WOMEN : “The Meeting with the Goddess”

THE EARTH MOTHER “She is the world creatrix, ever Mother, ever virgin.” (114, The Hero With a 1000 Faces, Joseph Campbell) Goddess type figure who gives life and guides our hero

T H E T E M P T R E S S Tempts our hero to abandon his quest, often with promises of riches, beauty, love, or lust

THE PLATONIC IDEAL The ultimate woman who, for various reasons, is not romantically involved with the hero.

THE UNFAITHFUL WIFE Through her adultery, an entire kingdom, quest, or world may be destroyed. Lesson: DON’T CHEAT!

THE DAMSEL IN DISTRESS A woman, often of noble birth, who must be saved by our hero.

W A R R I O R A relatively modern archetype where a female warrior battles evil with brute force, strength, and cunning.

SITUATIONAL ARCHETYPES

QUEST Describes the search for someone or something, which, when found and brought back will restore a wasteland, bring peace, or heal the desperation of a leader’s illness/ disability

TASK May include saving the kingdom, winning the fair lady, rescuing the damsel in distress The hero must perform some sort of superhuman deed, so he may resume his rightful position. NOT the same as the quest. Example: Arthur pulls Excalibur from the stone.

JOURNEY Sends hero in search of some truth or information which is necessary to restore the kingdom Usually the hero descends into a real or psychological hell and is forced to discover the blackest truths; these often concern his own faults.

INITIATION Generally initiates hero into adult life Adolescent comes into maturity with new awareness and skills as well as new hope for the community

THE RITUAL This is the actual ceremony that will mark the initiate’s rite of passage into another state of being.

THE FALL Describes a descent from a higher to a lower state of being The experience involves a loss of innocence and/or bliss and is often accompanied by expulsion from a kind of paradise as penalty for disobedience.

DEATH & REBIRTH The hero goes through some form of metamorphosis (usually physical, psychological, AND spiritual) which, in some way, symbolizes, or is symbolized by, his/her death and rebirth.

NATURE vs. MECHANISTIC WORLD Nature = good Technology/society = bad

BATTLE BETWEEN GOOD & EVIL Mankind often shows eternal optimism in the continual portrayal of good triumphing over evil in spite of great odds

UNHEALABLE WOUND The wound is either physical or psychological and cannot be fully healed; this often indicates the loss of innocence. These wounds often ache and drive the sufferer to desperate measures.

THE MAGIC WEAPON The weapon symbolizes the extraordinary quality of the hero because no one else can wield the weapon or use it to its full potential. It is usually given to the hero by a mentor figure.

SYMBOLIC ARCHETYPES

LIGHT & DARKNESS Light = enlightenment, wisdom, good Darkness = the unknown, ignorance, evil

WATER & DESERT Water = birth, rebirth, creation, purification, growth Desert = spiritual aridity, death, hopelessness

HEAVEN & HELL

INNATE WISDOM vs. EDUCATED STUPIDITY

HAVEN vs.WILDERNESS

THE SUN Sun = creative energy, thinking, enlightenment, wisdom, spiritual vision Rising Sun = birth, creation, the beginning of something Setting Sun = death, the end of something

COLORSCOLORS Red = blood, sacrifice, passion, disorder, violence Green = growth, hope, fertility, nature Blue = positively, tranquility, security White = light, purity, innocence (negative: nothingness, terror, death) Yellow =enlightenment, wisdomYellow = enlightenment, wisdom Black = evil, darkness, chaos, mystery, the unknown, death

SERPENT (SNAKE, WORM) Symbol of energy and pure force (libido), evil corruption, sensuality, destruction, evil

NUMBERS 3 = light, spiritual awareness, unity 4 = circle, life cycle, four seasons, earth, 6 = evil, sin, man 7 = completion of a cycle, perfect order, religion, (3+4=7), luck 13 = evil, unlucky

GARDEN Paradise, innocence, unspoiled beauty

TREE Growth, proliferation, immortality, phallic symbol, denotes life of the cosmos

SEASONS Spring = rebirth, genre = comedy Summer = life, genre = romance Fall = dying, descent, genre = tragedy Winter = death, nothingness, genre = irony

THE END