MINERALS Chapter 3

What is a Mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition. Inorganic – not alive, never was alive, and not made by life processes.

5 Characteristics of Minerals 1.All minerals are formed by natural processes. 2.Minerals are inorganic 3.Minerals are all solids 4.Every mineral is an element or compound 5.All minerals have crystals.

3 Ways Minerals Form 1.Cooling of Magma 2. Minerals are dissolved in liquids – and then are left behind when the liquid evaporates. 3. Falling out of a solution (precipitation)

Crystal Systems

Garnet - cubic Zircon - Tetragonal Quartz - Hexagonal Sulfur - Orthorhombic Gypsum - MonoclinicFeldspar - Triclinic

Mineral Identification TestDescription AppearanceObserve - What does it look like? HardnessMohs scale 1-10 (talc is the softest - 1; diamond is hardest – 10) Luster How well does it reflect light? Metallic shiny, non-metallic is dull. ColorDistinct; yellow for sulfur and purple for amethyst StreakColor left on tile CleavageSmooth break like mica FractureRough break like quartz Other TestsSmell, Magnet, Acid Test, Double Refraction

Uses of Minerals Gems-rare, beautiful, highly prized minerals Ores-mineral mined for a profit Titanium-Strong, lightweight, nontoxic ore that can be used in airplanes, artificial body parts, sporting equipment, wheelchairs, etc.

Other Uses of Minerals