Spectral In-House Training @ CET 1st March 2010 Carsten Laukamp CSIRO Exploration and Mining ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Avenue Kensington, WA Ph: 618-6436-8754 Email: Carsten.Laukamp@csiro.au Web: www.c3dmm.csiro.au

Theory & Proximal Systems Application to Mineral Systems Spectral In-House Training @ CET, UWA, Crawley - 01.03.2010 – GP2, second floor, Rm111, 3rd year Geology Lab 9:00 Mineral Spectroscopy Theory : Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging 10:30 – 11:xx Lots of questions and Coffee 11:xx ASD &/or PIMA @ Lab and/or outside: The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data 12:30 – 13:30 Lunch 13:30 Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models : Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques. 15:00 – 15:xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea Theory & Proximal Systems ASD, PIMA, TSG Remote Systems Application to Mineral Systems Spectral In-House 2010

Exploration Challenges Easy “surface” mineral deposits were discovered a long time ago “Exploration under cover” Last 40 years – new geophysical/geochemical exploration technologies successful in deposit discoveries though….. Increased global demand for commodities not matched by recent discovery rate Understanding 4D processes of geological systems may advance future exploration success Mineral Systems > Predictive Models > Vectors Drilling still the ultimate exploration test High cost but little “predictive” geological value extracted Fundamental pre-competitive geoscience data missing from current strategies, such as mineralogy Mineralogical models (vectors) + spatially comprehensive mineralogy = exploration success? Spectral In-House 2010

What is Mineral Mapping? Hyperspectral sensing, spectral geology, imaging spectroscopy, molecular sensing, optical sensing The identification of mineralogy and mineral chemistry using reflectance and/or emission spectroscopy EMR absorbed/emitted by molecular processes (electronic, vibrational) at specific frequencies (wavelengths) Compositionally-diagnostic a “complete” spectrum measured for every pixel/sample non contact, non invasive, multi-scale in application. Complementary information to that of conventional exploration data (e.g. geophysics, geochemistry and geological mapping) Spectral In-House 2010 4

3D Spectral-Mineral Mapping Technologies Satellite HyMap Airborne Field PIMA/TERRASPEC Drill Core HyLogger Spectral In-House 2010

What Can Mineral Sensing Technologies Provide? Seeing beyond the visible visible longer wavelengths Spectral In-House 2010

What Can Mineral Sensing Technologies Provide? Seeing beyond the visible Mapping of mineralogy from every pixel on the ground See between the trees pyrophyllite Spectral In-House 2010

What Can Mineral Sensing Technologies Provide? Seeing beyond the visible Mapping of mineralogy from every pixel on the ground See between the trees: Accurate, seamless maps of mineral abundances and mineral chemistries Laboratory-grade spectroscopy remotely Spectral In-House 2010

Mineral composition from “remote” spectra white mica chemistry published geology mineral mapping geofluid model K radiometrics % trivalent cations in muscovite 40% 25% Spectral In-House 2010

Airborne-field results Environmental Mapping – Dust monitoring Airborne-field results Laboratory results Spectral In-House 2010

Spectrometers available in WA (Australia) Operational systems Field PIMA-II (ISPL, CSIRO, Ausspec, mining companies) SWIR ASD (CSIRO, Mineral Mapping Services) VNIR SWIR Laboratory/camp CSIRO HyChippers (AMDEL, AMMTEC, CSIRO) VNIR SWIR CSIRO ANVCL (GSWA and other geosurveys) VNIR SWIR (TIR) Remote Airborne HyMap (HyVista - Sydney) VNIR SWIR Airborne Hyspex (DiMap – Perth) VNIR SWIR Satellite ASTER (ERSDAC – Japan, Geoscience Australia) VNIR SWIR TIR Science systems microFTIR (CSIRO-ARRC) TIR Raman (CSIRO-ARRC) VNIR SWIR Laboratory Bruker DHR (CSIRO-ARRC) SWIR TIR Proto-TIRLogger TIR Specim (ARA – Flinders University, CSIRO-QCAT ) VNIR SWIR Spectral coverage Spectral In-House 2010

From John Gingerich, AMIRA paper 2001 Valuing spectral mineralogy From John Gingerich, AMIRA paper 2001 Spectral In-House 2010

CSIRO’s vision in Australia Every drill hole logged for mineralogy RC, RAB, diamond Mineral map of Australia Host rock, superimposed alteration (metamorphic and metasomatic), regolith mineralogy, as well as soils, vegetation cover (baseline environmental maps) Environmentally sustainable! drill core +remote sensing  3-D mineral map (+ multi-temporal  4-D) Provided through the government geological surveys as part of their pre-competitive geoscience information suite Web based delivery, distributed data archives, interoperability Empower the exploration industry with tools for accurate mineral mapping No longer used as “colorful” pictures for subjective interpretation or boardroom walls but for quantitative mineralogical analysis and “frontline” exploration Empowering the geoscientist with mineralogy Spectral In-House 2010

Building the “Google” mineral map of Australia ASTER processed Airborne HS public unprocessed Airborne HS public processed Airborne HS private ANVCL public processed Drill core - private National Geoscience web portal Spectral In-House 2010

Spectral Geology @ CET Epithermal Au Eastern Mindanao Ridge Philippines Paleozoic Orogenic Au Pataz District Peru IOCG, … Mount Isa Inlier Qld Channel Iron Ore Deposits Rocklea Dome WA Paleozoic Orogenic Au Sierra de la Culampajá Argentinia This is a brief outline of my presentation and at the beginning I want to address the question: why igneous complexes and variations in their composition are at all important for the formation of Fe-oxide Cu-Au deposits, in case that somebody had wondered what I’m doing in this session. After that I will give a brief overview of the study area and the technologies applied for this study The study is mainly based on remote sensing and field hyperspectral data in the Shortwave Infrared part of the spectrum, which shows characteristic adsorption features related to distinct mineral phases as shown to left. I want to stress that these adsorption features are based on the physicochemical properties of each mineral and can provide direct information of the composition of various minerals. The problem, or I may say the task is to remove any interfering values such as atmospheric and vegetational information from the reflectance spectra data and that we have to “translate” the features into mineral compositions. But this presentation will be more about the application of reflectance spectra, where I will come to later. BIF-hosted Fe-ore Weld Range WA BIF-hosted Fe-ore Koolyanobbing WA Archean Au Kambalda St Ives Agnew WA Spectral In-House 2010

Research … input from CET ~1558 nm ~1548 nm Mapping Mineral Composition: Especially: Mg# of Chlorites Epidote-group composition Amphibole composition Talc vs. Chlorite vs. Amphiboles vs. Epidotes in “complex” rocks Biotite White mica composition (paragonite vs. muscovite s.s. vs. phengite) Integrated analysis for mapping and mineralisation Developing Software Add Ons to TSG Epithermal/porphyry Archean Au BIF and CID’s < Minerals Down Under Flagship @ CSIRO … Clinozoisite (Ca2Al2O.AlOH[Si2O7][SiO4]) vs. Epidote (Ca2Al2O.(Al,Fe3+)OH[Si2O7][SiO4]) courtesy of Tony Roache (M400) This is a brief outline of my presentation and at the beginning I want to address the question: why igneous complexes and variations in their composition are at all important for the formation of Fe-oxide Cu-Au deposits, in case that somebody had wondered what I’m doing in this session. After that I will give a brief overview of the study area and the technologies applied for this study The study is mainly based on remote sensing and field hyperspectral data in the Shortwave Infrared part of the spectrum, which shows characteristic adsorption features related to distinct mineral phases as shown to left. I want to stress that these adsorption features are based on the physicochemical properties of each mineral and can provide direct information of the composition of various minerals. The problem, or I may say the task is to remove any interfering values such as atmospheric and vegetational information from the reflectance spectra data and that we have to “translate” the features into mineral compositions. But this presentation will be more about the application of reflectance spectra, where I will come to later. Spectral In-House 2010

Spectral In-House 2010

Available on www.c3dmm.csiro.au Spectral In-House 2010

Available on www.c3dmm.csiro.au Spectral In-House 2010

Under construction! Spectral In-House 2010

http://C3DMM.csiro.au Spectral In-House 2010

Theory & Proximal Systems Application to Mineral Systems Spectral In-House Training @ CET, UWA, Crawley - 01.03.2010 – GP2, second floor, Rm111, 3rd year Geology Lab 9:00 Mineral Spectroscopy Theory (48): Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems (25): Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging 10:30 – 11:xx Lots of questions and Coffee 11:xx ASD &/or PIMA @ Lab and/or outside: The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data 12:30 – 13:30 Lunch 13:30 Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems (24): Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models (39): Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques. 15:00 – 15:xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea Theory & Proximal Systems ASD, PIMA, TSG Remote Systems Application to Mineral Systems Spectral In-House 2010