4 th 6 Weeks Test Review Answers

Indian Removal Act

Gave Andrew Jackson the power to negotiate resettlement treaties with the Native Americans and allowed the states to make laws governing their territory. Jackson thought this act was a fabulous compromise. He believed it would allow the natives to keep their way of life and also allow Americans to get the land they wanted. Instead the act caused death and hardship and made the natives very upset because they were forced off their land. Led to the “Trail of Tears”.

Nullification Crisis

Tariff of Abomination was a high tariff that set off a huge debate in Congress. South Carolina threatened to secede because they were being forced to pay it. John C. Calhoun (former Senator for South Carolina AND the Vice President) declared that South Carolina was nullifying (cancel or void) the Tariff of Abominations. Calhoun insisted that if a state felt a federal law was in direct conflict with the state’s best interests, the state could refuse to follow the law. The state had THE RIGHT to nullify a law they found unjust.

Election of 1828

1 st election where all white males could vote because of the ending of property and taxation requirements for voting in many states. Began the modern democratic party Jackson ran again for president against Adams but this time he won. During the campaign he promoted his version of democracy in which the majority would rule and the power would be taken away from the rich, elite and given totally to the people. This became known as “Jacksonian Democracy”

Seneca Falls Convention

Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Women met to discuss getting the right to vote.

Mexican Cession

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Signed by President James K. Polk (president during the war) Ended the war with Mexico Recognized Texas as being part of the US The cession cost us $15 million dollars Gave us 2 million sq. miles of territory, including what is now California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico COMPLETED MANIFEST DESTINY!!!!!

2 nd Great Awakening

A time of renewed religious interest.

Free Enterprise System

Economic system that allows for little or no government control. The people have the freedom to create businesses.

Spoils System

Patronage: When presidents give people that have supported them key positions in their new administration. “To the victor belongs the spoils”: The winner (to the victor) should get (belongs) all the possessions and power (the spoils) from the loser.  Andrew Jackson is famous for this quote as he explains how he should have the right to use the patronage system.

Manifest Destiny

The idea that America had the GOD GIVEN RIGHT to pursue it’s dreams (more land, more wealth, and more international power). We believed that God intended for us to inhabit all land from “sea to shining sea” (Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean). Not only that but that it was an inevitability, it was BOUND to happen sooner or later… We used this belief to justify all the things we had to do in order to achieve those goals (war, treaties, land purchases, removal of the Indians, discrimination against the other native inhabitants of the area, boundary disputes, annexation of land, etc.)

Tariffs

Tax on imported goods. Impacted the south the most, since they did the most trade outside the U.S.

Cotton Gin

Inventor: Eli Whitney Allowed MUCH more cotton to be cleaned and processed a day and increased clothing production. Made cotton farming MUCH more profitable. Expanded the use of slaves in the south for cheap farm labor. Allowed MUCH more cotton to be cleaned and processed a day and increased clothing production. Made cotton farming MUCH more profitable. Expanded the use of slaves in the south for cheap farm labor.

Erie Canal

To help transport goods and people the US started building long-distance roads and Canals. The Erie Canal was built between Buffalo, NY and New York, NY – This benefited commerce (business) by allowing people and goods to move from East to West MUCH faster. – Trade stimulated by the canal helped New York City become the largest city in the US.

Interchangeable Parts

Inventor: Eli Whitney Contributed to the growth of mass production in the United States by making production MUCH easier and faster and much more reliable.

Dorthea Dix

Worked to help reform the prison system and help those with mental disabilities get fair treatment and care.

Sojourner Truth

African American WOMAN who was born a slave. Wrote the poem “Ain’t I a Woman?” to explain how black women and white women were treated differently. Worked as an abolitionist to educate people against slavery

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Worked for women’s rights (vote) Organized: Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention w/ Lucretia Mott Opposed the 15 th Amendment (gave African American men vote after Civil War) because it excluded women. Heavily inspired by the Declaration of Independence!!!!

Horace Mann

Worked to reform public education Government should pay for public school for all children.

Henry David Thoreau

Transcendalist Believed in very little or no government involvement in people’s affairs. Author

Economic Differences between North and South

North Wanted: South Wanted: Free Labor Slavery and some free labor Wanted slavery abolished or limited Wanted to be able to extend slavery Strong basis for industry Relied on agriculture Strong federal government State’s Rights High Tariffs Low Tariffs

Before, During, and After President Andrew Jackson

BEFORE: Government for the people but run by well educated (rich) leaders. (Republicanism) Democracy in political life Wanted farmers and mainly agricultural life Limited government DURING: Government for the people and run BY THE PEOPLE (Democracy) Democracy in economic, social, and political life. Wanted a split between farming AND manufacturing Limited government but with a very strong president. AFTER: National Bank destroyed = money problems Manifest Destiny in full force