Unit 10 : Text A Unit 10 : Text A 21st Century College English: Book 2 The Next 30 Years

Unit Ten: Text A Lead-in Activities Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities Text Organization Text OrganizationText OrganizationText Organization Reading and Writing Skills Reading and Writing SkillsReading and Writing SkillsReading and Writing Skills Language Points Language PointsLanguage PointsLanguage Points Guided Practice Guided PracticeGuided PracticeGuided Practice Assignment AssignmentAssignment

Lead-in Activities Looking for one aspect about the future development or problems and focusing on it and working together with the group members to write up a whole paragraph: What will happen and what will the future be like in the next 30 years? Group Writing

General introduction: Influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future, the author offers his predictions in the next 30 years. There will be great new achievements in the next 30 years: rising living standards, increased life expectancy and better lifestyle. Humans will also face some dangers and problems in the next 30 years: violence and environmental devastation. A conclusion—Despite the above-mentioned problems, human civilization is still making genuine progress. para. 1 para para para. 19 Text Organization

Reading & Writing Skills Reading Skill: Scanning for organization in reading materials. When you’re reading a text in order to find specific information, scanning it first to get an idea of the way the text is organized can be a big help. Visual clues—things like numbers and dates; lists, sections and subtitles( 小标题 ); dialogs, quotations and recurring phrases—are easy to see in a text, and can often give us a good picture of its organization and content before we start reading. When we read in our own language, we usually notice the visual clues automatically, without thinking about them. When you’re reading in English, paying conscious attention to visual clues before you read can improve your comprehension and make your reading more efficient. When you’re reading a text in order to find specific information, scanning it first to get an idea of the way the text is organized can be a big help. Visual clues—things like numbers and dates; lists, sections and subtitles( 小标题 ); dialogs, quotations and recurring phrases—are easy to see in a text, and can often give us a good picture of its organization and content before we start reading. When we read in our own language, we usually notice the visual clues automatically, without thinking about them. When you’re reading in English, paying conscious attention to visual clues before you read can improve your comprehension and make your reading more efficient.

Reading & Writing Skills Writing Skill: Developing prediction + Illustrations passages This kind of passage begins with general prediction, and then is supported by illustrations. This kind of passage begins with general prediction, and then is supported by illustrations. Example: Example: The trends indicate that next semester, teachers will be better off than ever before. All of them will receive salaries much higher than their parents and grandparents ever dreamed of. At the same time, treated with greater respect by their students, teachers around the globe will enjoy their work much more. As a result, their mental and physical health will improve. Happy and satisfied teachers will become commonplaces. The trends indicate that next semester, teachers will be better off than ever before. All of them will receive salaries much higher than their parents and grandparents ever dreamed of. At the same time, treated with greater respect by their students, teachers around the globe will enjoy their work much more. As a result, their mental and physical health will improve. Happy and satisfied teachers will become commonplaces.

Intensive Study Intensive StudyIntensive StudyIntensive Study Difficult sentences Difficult sentences Key words, phrases & usages Key words, phrases & usages Comprehension exercises Comprehension exercises Intensive Study

The Next 30 Years by Edward Cornish 1 In less than three years the world will reach the outstanding year 2000, and in less than four — on January 1, 2001, to be precise — a new millennium will begin. I am encouraged to offer my personal view of what is likely to happen in the next 30 years — a view that is heavily influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future. Intensive Study

2 To begin with, the next 30 years will almost certainly bring us incredible new achievements. The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgment, far outweighed by solutions and opportunities. It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them. The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgment, far outweighed by solutions and opportunities.It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them.The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgment, far outweighed by solutions and opportunities.It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them. Intensive Study

3 Rising Living Standards 4 The trends indicate that humans will be better off economically 30 years from now than they are today. Hundreds of millions of people will live in homes that will seem like palaces to their parents and grandparents. At the same time, brought together by telecommunications, people around the world will work together more efficiently than ever before. Expertise will flow easily and cheaply to places where it is needed. Computers and cellular phones will become commonplaces. be better offbe better off Intensive Study

5 Thanks to genetic engineering, plants will grow bigger, mature faster, need less fertilizer, and resist insects and diseases. New materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to automobiles; roofs may rarely need repairs; stockings and underwear may not wear out during the owner’s lifetime. genetic engineeringNew materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to automobilesgenetic engineeringNew materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to automobiles Intensive Study

6 Living to Be 200 Years Old 7 Life expectancy will rise around the world, creating a rapidly growing proportion of old people in the population, as well as the age of the oldest humans — now above 120 years. Rapid progress in biotechnology suggests that breakthroughs may occur that will enable medical science to slow or reverse the aging process. This could mean that many people born in the next 30 years may live to be 200, 300, or more years old. Life expectancyLife expectancy Intensive Study

8 Increased life expectancy has some serious drawbacks, however. As people get older, more will find themselves disabled. Happily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will become available in the coming decades. Researchers are finding ways to prevent and even partially cure blindness, deafness, muscular deterioration, and other problems connected with aging. This means that increasing numbers of people will be able to work and support themselves for years beyond the typical retirement age of 65. Happily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will become available in the coming decadesthe typical retirement ageHappily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will become available in the coming decadesthe typical retirement age Intensive Study

9 The Global Village 10 The nations of the world will become more tightly integrated because of rapidly improving telecommunications and transportation. A global culture will develop rapidly and take its pick of clothing styles, foods, drinks, games, sports and customs from countries everywhere. take its pick oftake its pick of Intensive Study

11 A network of superhighways will link up the nations of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Engineers are already talking enthusiastically about a tunnel under the Mediterranean at Gibraltar to link Europe with Africa. And superhighways across the Eurasian land mass will allow residents of Shanghai and Hong Kong to drive comfortably and rapidly to destinations like Paris, Rome, and Stockholm. Travelers in a hurry will, of course, still prefer to fly, especially over long distances. Space-planes should be in service within the next 20 years, making flights from Tokyo to New York in only a couple of hours. be in servicebe in service Intensive Study

12 Humans Colonize Space Colonize 13 We will push the frontiers of human settlement in all directions. The Moon will acquire its first permanent base, and the human population living in space will rise steadily, as manufacturing develops aboard spacecraft and the resources of other planets are explored. Meanwhile, advancing technology will also solve many of the problems of living and working in unfriendly environments on Earth, so the population of Antarctica and the Polar Regions will climb steadily. The forbidding Himalayas may experience a development boom, including, perhaps, luxury hotels for tourists. The forbidding Himalayas may experience a development boom, including, perhaps, luxury hotels for tourists.The forbidding Himalayas may experience a development boom, including, perhaps, luxury hotels for tourists. Intensive Study

14 The pace of ocean development will speed up as seaside nations increasingly assert their ownership of the resources off their shores. Ocean farming will become increasingly attractive as food prices rise. Studies have shown that the biological productivity of the ocean can be greatly increased by adding certain chemicals. speed upspeed up Intensive Study

15 Future Dangers and Problems 16 The 21st century will be a century of fantastic achievement, but it may be accompanied by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombs. The biggest single cloud hanging over the next 30 years is violence — crime, terrorism, and war. The Cold War is over, but hot wars on a smaller scale must be expected. In addition, nuclear weapons may be used by terrorists. but it may be accompanied by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombsCold Waron a smaller scalebut it may be accompanied by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombsCold Waron a smaller scale Intensive Study

17 The world's growing population and intensifying economic activity are increasingly destroying forests and polluting land, water, and air. Successful programs for reducing air pollution in many cities and restoring forests in many areas have demonstrated that environmental destruction is not irreversible, but the job will take great effort on a global scale. Intensive Study

18 Unfortunately, the steady rise in world population makes it likely that, for the world as a whole, environmental conditions will continue to worsen for some years to come. Though a number of precious animal species such as pandas may be preserved, thousands upon thousands of others will almost certainly perish during the next 50 years as their habitats shrink. shrink 19 If we cannot look forward to a peaceful, problem-free future, we can at least comfort ourselves with the realization that it will probably be the best period of history we humans have ever experienced. (937 words) Intensive Study

e.g. In my judgment, we should do it.In my judgment, we should do it. In the parents’ judgment, children should be more independent.In the parents’ judgment, children should be more independent. in one’s judgment —in one’s opinion The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgment, far outweighed by solutions and opportunities. More to learn More to learn

e.g. National interest outweighed local objections to building this new airport.National interest outweighed local objections to building this new airport. The advantages of living in big cities far outweigh the disadvantages.The advantages of living in big cities far outweigh the disadvantages. outweigh vt. —be more important than The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgment, far outweighed by solutions and opportunities. Cf. outgrow vt. —grow too large for; surpass in growth e.g. Peter needs new shoes again; he’s already outgrown the pair he got in September.Peter needs new shoes again; he’s already outgrown the pair he got in September. Cf. outlive vt. —to live longer than e.g. My great-grandmother outlived her friends.My great-grandmother outlived her friends. Cf. outnumber vt. —exceed the number of; be more numerous than e.g. In the English Department of our university, female students outnumber males 2 to 1.In the English Department of our university, female students outnumber males 2 to 1. Cf. outdo vt. — do more or better than in performance or action e.g. Germany and Japan have managed to outdo the United States in many economic areas.Germany and Japan have managed to outdo the United States in many economic areas.

e.g. Prices are showing an upward tendency.Prices are showing an upward tendency. The car has a tendency to slide to the left.The car has a tendency to slide to the left. tendency n. —inclination; way a person or thing tends to be or behave It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them. More to learn More to learn

—It is true, indeed, that humans are especially capable of making mistakes, but it is also true that they always tend to see the mistakes and correct them. It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them.

be better of — be in comfortable economic circumstance; have more money than before e.g. She was much better off after she got a second job.She was much better off after she got a second job. In many western countries the better-off people live in the suburbs, while the poor live in the inner city.In many western countries the better-off people live in the suburbs, while the poor live in the inner city. Drill Make a sentence with “be better of”.

Text-related information Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the alteration of an organism’s genetic, or heredity, material to eliminate undesirable characteristics or to produce desirable new ones. Genetic engineering is used to increase plant and animal food production; to diagnose disease, improve medical treatment, and produce vaccines and other useful drugs; and to help dispose of industrial wastes.

e.g. I’ll come in June if my health permits.I’ll come in June if my health permits. The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting.The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting. permit vt. —make it possible to happen New materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to automobiles More to learn More to learn

e.g. The students’ ages in this class range from 18 to 20.The students’ ages in this class range from 18 to 20. Their talks covered a wide variety of topics, ranging from domestic issues to foreign affairs.Their talks covered a wide variety of topics, ranging from domestic issues to foreign affairs. range from … to … —vary from … to … New materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to automobiles Translate Prices of TV sets range from some 2,000 to 10,000 yuan. Key电视价格从两千元到一万元不等（各种价钱都有）。

life expectancy —the length of time a person, animal, or plant is expected to live e.g. Women usually have a longer life expectancy than men.Women usually have a longer life expectancy than men. Bats have a life expectancy of around twenty years.Bats have a life expectancy of around twenty years.

—Luckily, more and more advanced medicines and devices which provide help for the ill and disabled people will be invented in the next few decades. Happily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will become available in the coming decades.

e.g typical tropical weathertypical tropical weather a typical mistake of Chinese students of Englisha typical mistake of Chinese students of English typical a. —Something is typical is the most usual, or the most characteristic. the typical retirement age — the age at which most people retire

take one’s pick of — choose as one wants e.g. Take your pick. Choose whichever one of the three styles you like.Take your pick. Choose whichever one of the three styles you like. With so many houses for sale, a buyer with money can take his/her pick.With so many houses for sale, a buyer with money can take his/her pick. Fill in the blank: The bus was fairly empty so we _____ ( 可以挑座位 坐 ). could take our pick of seats

be in service — be in use; be in operation e.g. We need to replace the airplanes now in service with new ones.We need to replace the airplanes now in service with new ones. The ferryboat has been in service here for about ten years.The ferryboat has been in service here for about ten years. Translate The new traffic control system will be in service right after the new bridge is open to traffic. Key新的交通管制系统将在新桥通车之后投入使用。

colonize vt. —establish control over (a place, an area, a country, etc.) and send citizens there to settle e.g. Peru was colonized by the Spanish in the sixteenth century.Peru was colonized by the Spanish in the sixteenth century. Britain colonized many parts of Africa.Britain colonized many parts of Africa.

e.g. There was a baby boom in Britain and the United States after World War II.There was a baby boom in Britain and the United States after World War II. They have passed through their most difficult time, and now they are enjoying their business boom.They have passed through their most difficult time, and now they are enjoying their business boom. boom n. —(a period of) rapid growth or increase The forbidding Himalayas may experience a development boom, including, perhaps, luxury hotels for tourists. More to learn More to learn

—The unfriendly Himalaya Mountains may undergo a period of rapid development, possibly also the developed of expensive hotels for tourists. The forbidding Himalayas may experience a development boom, including, perhaps, luxury hotels for tourists.

speed up — (cause to) move or happen at a faster rate e.g. African’s population growth speeded up as the medical conditions improved.African’s population growth speeded up as the medical conditions improved. Warmth speeds up chemical reactions.Warmth speeds up chemical reactions. Translate贫穷加速了他们婚姻的破裂。 Key Poverty sped up the breakdown of their marriage.

The conjunction as can be used to refer back to what has just been said in order to say that it also applies to someone or something else that follows. as conj. —and so too …, but it may be accompanied by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombs. More to learn More to learn

…, but it may be accompanied by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombs. More to do More to doe.g. John likes classical music, _____ ( 他女朋友也喜欢古典 音乐 ).John likes classical music, _____ ( 他女朋友也喜欢古典 音乐 ). He believed, _____ ( 和全家一样 ), that the King was their supreme lord.He believed, _____ ( 和全家一样 ), that the King was their supreme lord. She traveled a great deal, _____ ( 她的大多数朋友也是这 样 ).She traveled a great deal, _____ ( 她的大多数朋友也是这 样 ). as does his girl friend as did the family as did most of her friends

1. Harry is unusually tall, … (both his parents and grandparents). 2. Some people are worried that the Moon will be polluted by human settlement, … (the Earth/ overpopulation). VIII.Complete the following sentences according to the model, using the words given in parentheses.  as were both his parents and grandparents.  as is the Earth by overpopulation. Exercises Structure Ex. VIII, p. 286 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 286

3. Some people say that in the next 30 years the population of Antarctica and the Polar Regions will rise steadily, … (the population/ the world’s deserts). 4. Asia and Europe will be linked by superhighways, … (Europe/ Africa/ a Mediterranean tunnel).  as will  as will the population of the world ’ s deserts.   as will Europe and Africa by a Mediterranean tunnel. Exercises Structure VIII.Complete the following sentences according to the model, using the words given in parentheses.

5. His third book was a best seller in the US, … (his first two).  as were his first two. Exercises Structure X.Complete each of the following sentence, using a conj. + V-ed clause.

Text-related information Cold War Cold war is a term used to describe the political and economic struggle for power and influence between the Western powers headed by the U.S.A(the West) and the nations led by the former Soviet Union (the East) after WWII. The cold war period was marked by massive military buildups (including nuclear weaponry) by both sides and intensive economic competition and strained, hostile diplomatic relations.

on a small/ large scale — of a small/ large size; to a small/ large extent (especially in relation to other things or to what is usual) e.g. My parents used to entertain friends on a small scale.My parents used to entertain friends on a small scale. The island grows oranges on a large scale.The island grows oranges on a large scale. Drill Make a sentence with “on small/ large scale”.

shrink vi. & vt. — (cause to) become smaller e.g. The world’s forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.The world’s forests are shrinking at an alarming rate. The economy was shrinking instead of expanding after the new President came into power.The economy was shrinking instead of expanding after the new President came into power. The hot water shrank my woolen sweater.The hot water shrank my woolen sweater.

Guided Practice VocabularyVocabularyVocabulary ClozeClozeCloze TranslationTranslationTranslation Structure WritingStructure WritingStructure WritingStructure Writing

III.Fill the blanks in the following sentences with words from the list below. Change the form where necessary. 1.The country’s economic situation is _____ as the statistics indicate that unemployment is increasing, prices rising and exports falling.  deteriorating 2. With the rise in life expectancy, the _____ of old people in the population will be very high.  proportion Vocabulary preserve assist perishshrinkboomdeteriorate integrateenableproportionrarely Ex. III, p. 283 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 283

3.Spaceplanes will _____ you to travel from Tokyo to New York in a couple of hours.  enable 4.If you need anything, please call us. We’ll be happy to _____ you.  assist Vocabulary preserve assist perishshrinkboomdeteriorate integrateenableproportionrarely III.Fill the blanks in the following sentences with words from the list below. Change the form where necessary.

5. Some 75 people _____ in the accident, and dozens more were badly injured.  perished 6.I washed your new sweater for you, but I’m afraid the water was too hot. It’s _____.  shrunk Vocabulary preserve assist perishshrinkboomdeteriorate integrateenableproportionrarely III.Fill the blanks in the following sentences with words from the list below. Change the form where necessary.

7.For centuries, story-telling was the main method of _____ culture and passing it on from one generation to the next.  preserving 8.The recent _____ in international trade has made English even more useful than before.  boom Vocabulary preserve assist perishshrinkboomdeteriorate integrateenableproportionrarely III.Fill the blanks in the following sentences with words from the list below. Change the form where necessary.

9.This neighborhood is highly _____ : All kinds of people live here peacefully and happily.  integrated 10.They were _____ seen together and certainly they did not travel together.  rarely Vocabulary preserve assist perishshrinkboomdeteriorate integrateenableproportionrarely III.Fill the blanks in the following sentences with words from the list below. Change the form where necessary.

Cloze IX. Fill each blank in the passage below with the best word from the list below. But be careful: Some of the blanks shouldn't be filled with any word- the only correct choice is to leave them blank. Ex. IX, p. 286 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IX, p. 286 assist enable atcommonplace fantastic destination efficientgenetic efficient however insectsinsteadinmoreoveron preserverefrigeratorpreciselyresidentshrink thattowillwon’t

Cloze The next 100 years will bring many extraordinary breakthroughs in the daily lives of ordinary people. _____ engineering will provide us with _____ new products that will make our homes _____ much more comfortable and _____. “Intelligent soap” that washes the dishes _____ its own will be a _____, and so will “smart furniture” that gets out of your way when you _____ need more room. There will be new species of animals to _____ us with cooking and cleaning (people with small apartments can have _____ to save space). genetic fantastic 0 efficient on commonplace 0 assist insects

Cloze No one _____ have to go to the store for food anymore; _____, everything you need will grow right in your own ____. If you decide to move to another city, you ____ need to search for a new home; just push a button and your house will ____ to the size of a suitcase ___ you can carry easily to your ____. instead refrigerator won’t shrink that destination will

XI. Translate the following sentences into English. Translation Ex. XI, p. 287 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XI, p. 287

1. 这种新的农作物会长得更大，成熟得更快，需要的肥料 更少，而且能抵抗病虫害。 grow bigger, mature faster This new crop will grow bigger, mature faster, need less fertilizer and resist insects and diseases. fertilizer resist insects and diseases Translation

2. 这种新型飞机已投入运营，使上海到旧金山直飞的时间 只需要大约 10 小时左右。 new type of plane The new type of plane has been put in service, making the direct flight from Shanghai to San Francisco in only about 10 hours. put into service put into service direct flight Translation

3. 人们在经济上将会过得更加富足，他们都会拥有一个又 大又舒适的家，足以使他们得到休息和恢复精力。 be better off Humans will be better off economically and will be able to have homes large and comfortable enough for them to relax and restore their energies. enough for restore Translation

4. 人类应在全球范围内同暴力、犯罪、恐怖主义和战争做 斗争。 on a global basis Humans should fight against violence, crime, terrorism and war on a global basis. terrorism fight against Translation

5. 那些在今后 30 年出生的人们将可以亲身感受作者所描述 的巨大成就。 those who Those who are born in the next 30 years will be able to enjoy the fantastic achievements described by the author. be able to enjoy fantastic achievements Translation

6. 那家超市出售衣服、食品、饮料、冰箱和电脑玩具等 各种商品。 range from…to The supermarket sells various kinds of things, ranging from clothes, foods, and drinks to refrigerators and computer games. various kind of things Translation

7. 确实，人类具有非凡的天赋可以创造奇迹，但人口增长 仍是现在和将来最严重的问题之一 it is true that It is true that humans have an extraordinary genius for working wonders, but population growth still remains one of the most serious problems of the present and future. work wonder remain Translation

8. 根据我的判断，人类通过控制人口增长和控制污染，将 能创造出一个更好，更安宁的未来。 in one’s judgment In my judgment, humans will be able to create a better and more peaceful future by bringing the problems of population growth and pollution under control. bring…under control Translation

Structured Writing Look at the outline and sample of another prediction+illustrations paragraph. General prediction: trends indicate/ next semester, teachers/ better off/ ever before Illustrations: 1)all/ them/ receive salaries/ much higher/ parents/ grandparents ever dreamed of 2)same time/ treated/ greater respect/ their students, teachers around/ globe/ enjoy their work much more 3)a result/ mental/ physical health/ improve 4)happy/ satisfied teachers/ become commonplaces. The trends indicate that next semester, teachers will be better off than ever before. All of them will receive salaries much higher than their parents and grandparents ever dreamed of. At the same time, treated with greater respect by their students, teachers around the globe will enjoy their work much more. As a result, their mental and physical health will improve. Happy and satisfied teachers will become commonplaces.

Structured Writing Ex. XIII, p. 290 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 290 Now try to write a prediction + illustrations paragraph of your own, based on one of the suggestions below.

Structured Writing General predictions: Next year students/ push/ frontiers/ education/ all directionsNext year students/ push/ frontiers/ education/ all directions By 2005, we will be enjoying television in completely new ways.By 2005, we will be enjoying television in completely new ways. In the next ten years, athletes will push the frontiers of sports in all directions.In the next ten years, athletes will push the frontiers of sports in all directions. By 2015, there will be all new forms of transportation in service.By 2015, there will be all new forms of transportation in service. Illustrations

Structured Writing General prediction:General prediction: Next year students/ push/ frontiers/ education/ all directions Illustrations: 1) More students/ spend more time/ studies/ ever before 2) level/ enthusiasm/ their studies/ rise steadily 3) Meanwhile, students around/ world/ use creative thinking/ solve may of the problems/ of their interest

Assignment 1.Ex. IX, p Ex. XI, p Preview Text B