Functional Organization of the Endocrine System Transport and Metabolism Introduction Homeostasis Receptors Grab Bag $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

Introduction: $100 Question The endocrine system communicates with target cells by way of this: a. chemical messengers that do not leave the cell where they are produced b. chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream c. chemical messengers secreted through ducts into other organ d. electrical signals ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $100 Answer The endocrine system communicates with target cells by way of this: a. chemical messengers that do not leave the cell where they are produced b. chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream c. chemical messengers secreted through ducts into other organ d. electrical signals BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $200 Question Given these characteristics: 1. amplitude-modulated signals 2. all-or-none response 3. usually slower response 4. effects usually more generally distributed List the characteristics that apply to the endocrine system when compared to the nervous system. a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4 b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $200 Answer Given these characteristics: 1. amplitude-modulated signals 2. all-or-none response 3. usually slower response 4. effects usually more generally distributed List the characteristics that apply to the endocrine system when compared to the nervous system. a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4 b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4 BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $300 Question Chemical signals that are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals are called this: a. autocrine chemical signals b. pheromones c. paracrine chemical signals d. hormones e. neurotransmitters ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $300 Answer Chemical signals that are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals are called this: a. autocrine chemical signals b. pheromones c. paracrine chemical signals d. hormones e. neurotransmitters BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $400 Question Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals that do this: a. produced by groups of cells and affect neurons b. released by cells and affect other cell types locally c. produced by neurons and act like hormones d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit other neurons ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $400 Answer Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals that do this: a. produced by groups of cells and affect neurons b. released by cells and affect other cell types locally c. produced by neurons and act like hormones d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit other neurons BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $500 Question Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids are all examples of this: a. proteins b. glycoproteins c. polypeptides d. amino acid derivatives e. steroids ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Introduction: $500 Answer Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids are all examples of this: a. proteins b. glycoproteins c. polypeptides d. amino acid derivatives e. steroids BACK TO GAME

Homeostasis: $100 Question This statement about hormones is true except: a. are secreted at a constant rate b. function to regulate the rates of many activities in the body c. secretion rate is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms d. help maintain homeostasis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

This statement about hormones is true except: Homeostasis: $100 Answer This statement about hormones is true except: a. are secreted at a constant rate b. function to regulate the rates of many activities in the body c. secretion rate is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms d. help maintain homeostasis BACK TO GAME

Homeostasis: $200 Question This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue: a. other hormones b. negative-feedback mechanisms c. nonhormone substance in the blood d. the nervous system e. all of the above ANSWER BACK TO GAME

This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue: Homeostasis: $200 Answer This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue: a. other hormones b. negative-feedback mechanisms c. nonhormone substance in the blood d. the nervous system e. all of the above BACK TO GAME

Homeostasis: $300 Question Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during exercise results in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise ends, the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood decreases rapidly. This is an example of a. acute hormone regulation b. chronic hormone regulation c. cyclic hormone regulation ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. acute hormone regulation b. chronic hormone regulation Homeostasis: $300 Answer Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during exercise results in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise ends, the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood decreases rapidly. This is an example of a. acute hormone regulation b. chronic hormone regulation c. cyclic hormone regulation BACK TO GAME

Homeostasis: $400 Question When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A" is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A is controlled by this: a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood b. direct stimulation by the nervous system c. stimulation by a hormone released from another endocrine gland d. a hypothalamic releasing factor ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood Homeostasis: $400 Answer When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A" is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A is controlled by this: a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood b. direct stimulation by the nervous system c. stimulation by a hormone released from another endocrine gland d. a hypothalamic releasing factor BACK TO GAME

Homeostasis: $500 Question Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This control mechanism is this: a. negative feedback b. positive feedback c. neural control d. amplification ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Homeostasis: $500 Answer Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This control mechanism is this: a. negative feedback b. positive feedback c. neural control d. amplification BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $100 Question Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible fashion. True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $100 Answer Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible fashion. True/False BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $200 Question Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do this: a. pass through capillary cells b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium c. be moved out of the capillary by active transport d. remain in the blood ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $200 Answer Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do this: a. pass through capillary cells b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium c. be moved out of the capillary by active transport d. remain in the blood BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $300 Question These statements about these lipid-soluble hormones are true except: a. have relatively long half-lives b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes c. have half-lives that increase and decrease slowly d. regulate activities that have a long duration ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $300 Answer These statements about these lipid-soluble hormones are true except: a. have relatively long half-lives b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes c. have half-lives that increase and decrease slowly d. regulate activities that have a long duration BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $400 Question This process makes hormones less active or increases elimination by attaching water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver: a. active transport b. conjugation c. excretion d. metabolism ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $400 Answer This process makes hormones less active or increases elimination by attaching water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver: a. active transport b. conjugation c. excretion d. metabolism BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $500 Question A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver and kidney disease would see this effect: a. the hormone is not modified and excreted rapidly b. increases blood levels of this hormone c. concentration remains high for a longer time d. decreases blood levels of this hormone e. a, b and c ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Transport and Metabolism: $500 Answer A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver and kidney disease would see this effect: a. the hormone is not modified and excreted rapidly b. increases blood levels of this hormone c. concentration remains high for a longer time d. decreases blood levels of this hormone e. a, b and c BACK TO GAME

Receptors: $100 Question Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors. True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Receptors: $100 Answer Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors. True/False BACK TO GAME

Intracellular hormone receptors are found here: Receptors: $200 Question Intracellular hormone receptors are found here: a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of target cells b. in the nucleus c. in the mitochondria d. in the endoplasmic reticulum e. both a and b ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Intracellular hormone receptors are found here: Receptors: $200 Answer Intracellular hormone receptors are found here: a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of target cells b. in the nucleus c. in the mitochondria d. in the endoplasmic reticulum e. both a and b BACK TO GAME

Receptors: $300 Question Given these events: 1. cAMP is synthesized. 2. The a subunit of G protein is activated. 3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP. Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor. a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3 b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Receptors: $300 Answer Given these events: 1. cAMP is synthesized. 2. The a subunit of G protein is activated. 3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP. Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor. a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3 b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1 BACK TO GAME

b. G proteins are activated Receptors: $400 Question These statements describe chemical signals binding to membrane-bound receptors except: a. DNA produces mRNA b. G proteins are activated c. the receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close d. the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule e. the cell's response is fast ANSWER BACK TO GAME

b. G proteins are activated Receptors: $400 Answer These statements describe chemical signals binding to membrane-bound receptors except: a. DNA produces mRNA b. G proteins are activated c. the receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close d. the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule e. the cell's response is fast BACK TO GAME

a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm Receptors: $500 Question Intracellular receptors are better adapted for mediating responses that last a relatively long time due to this: a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm b. cAMP is broken down quickly c. mRNA is synthesized d. synthesis of new proteins e. c and d ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm Receptors: $500 Answer Intracellular receptors are better adapted for mediating responses that last a relatively long time due to this: a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm b. cAMP is broken down quickly c. mRNA is synthesized d. synthesis of new proteins e. c and d BACK TO GAME

a. more free hormone occurs b. less hormone binds to target cells Grab Bag: $100 Question If there is a decrease in the specific plasma protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs: a. more free hormone occurs b. less hormone binds to target cells c. blood levels of the hormone increase d. all of these ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. more free hormone occurs b. less hormone binds to target cells Grab Bag: $100 Answer If there is a decrease in the specific plasma protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs: a. more free hormone occurs b. less hormone binds to target cells c. blood levels of the hormone increase d. all of these BACK TO GAME

Down-regulation occurs because of this: Grab Bag: $200 Question Down-regulation occurs because of this: a. both hormone and receptor are taken into the cell by phagocytosis b. receptor molecules are degraded more quickly c. there is a decrease in the rate of receptor synthesis d. all of these ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Down-regulation occurs because of this: Grab Bag: $200 Answer Down-regulation occurs because of this: a. both hormone and receptor are taken into the cell by phagocytosis b. receptor molecules are degraded more quickly c. there is a decrease in the rate of receptor synthesis d. all of these BACK TO GAME

This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: a. cAMP b. cGMP c. ADH Grab Bag: $300 Question This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: a. cAMP b. cGMP c. ADH d. DAG e. IP3 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: a. cAMP b. cGMP c. ADH Grab Bag: $300 Answer This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: a. cAMP b. cGMP c. ADH d. DAG e. IP3 BACK TO GAME

a. increase by positive feedback b. decrease by negative feedback Grab Bag: $400 Question A hormone controls the concentration of some substance in the circulatory system. A tumor begins to produce that substance in large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate for the hormone would: a. increase by positive feedback b. decrease by negative feedback c. decrease by positive feedback c. stay the same ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. increase by positive feedback b. decrease by negative feedback Grab Bag: $400 Answer A hormone controls the concentration of some substance in the circulatory system. A tumor begins to produce that substance in large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate for the hormone would: a. increase by positive feedback b. decrease by negative feedback c. decrease by positive feedback c. stay the same BACK TO GAME

Grab Bag: $500 Question Given these events: 1. activation of cAMP 2. activation of genes 3. enzyme activity altered These events can occur when a hormone binds to an intracellular hormone receptor: a. 1 c. 2,3 b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Grab Bag: $500 Answer Given these events: 1. activation of cAMP 2. activation of genes 3. enzyme activity altered These events can occur when a hormone binds to an intracellular hormone receptor: a. 1 c. 2,3 b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3 BACK TO GAME

b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low FINAL ROUND Question This might be a consequence of trying to use a skin patch to administer a constant level of insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus: a. too little insulin available after a meal when sugar levels are high b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low c. would control blood sugar levels well d. a and b ANSWER BACK TO GAME

b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low FINAL ROUND Answer This might be a consequence of trying to use a skin patch to administer a constant level of insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus: a. too little insulin available after a meal when sugar levels are high b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low c. would control blood sugar levels well d. a and b BACK TO GAME