Lecture 16: Fertilization Animal Science 434 John J. Parrish.

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Lecture 16: Fertilization Animal Science 434 John J. Parrish

Capacitation 1951 Austin - rat Chang - rabbit Fertilization does not occur until several hours after sperm are placed in the uterus or oviduct

Chang Experiment Ovulation Percent Fertilization After Before

Capacitation The changes within sperm that confer upon the sperm the ability to acrosome react in response to the appropriate stimulus. Zona Pellucida Cumulus Cells Follicular Fluid Zona Pellucida Cumulus Cells Follicular Fluid

Effect of Capacitation EpididymalEjaculated Seminal Plasma and/or Epididymal Secretions + Capacitated Female Tract +

Model of Capacitation DF Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Acrosome

DF Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Acrosome GAG

Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Acrosome GAG Cholesterol Chol-Acceptor Ca 2+ pH cAMP Activity of Enzymes Activity of Enzymes DF

Capacitation No change in sperm morphology Motility change –hyperactivation cAMP Power output cAMP Power output

The Acrosome Reaction Plasma Membrane Acrosome Fused Plasma Membrane and Outer Acrosomal Membrane Fused Plasma Membrane and Outer Acrosomal Membrane Nucleus Acrosin Hyaluronidase Acrosin Hyaluronidase

Modification of the Equitorial Region Modification of the Equitorial Region

The Zona Pellucida

Zona PellucidaZona Pellucida ZP 3 Attachment Binding Acrosome Reaction Induction Acrosome Reaction Sperm Interaction with the Zona

Zona PellucidaZona Pellucida ZP 2 Secondary Binding Zona Penetration Motility

Zona Pellucida

Sperm tract through zona pellucida

6-12 hr hr

Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF) Metaphase Promoting Factor MPF Primary Oocyte GV-Intact GVBD Metaphase I PB-1 Secondary OocyteMetaphase II Ovulation LH Surge

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

Calcium Transients During Bovine Fertilization

Initiation of Calcium Pulse by Soluble Sperm Component Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ PLC zeta PIP 2 DAG IP 3 Ca 2+ Oocyte

Sperm Receptor - Calcium Pulse Initiation Ca ++ ER IP 3 PLC

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte MII AII MPF X Ca 2+ Pronuclei TII PBII

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte MII AII MPF X Ca 2+ Pronuclei Decondensation Pronuclei Zygote TII PBII

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+ Cortical Granules Zona Block to Polyspermy

Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+ Cortical Granules Zona Block to Polyspermy

3 Blocks to Polyspermy Species 1.Mammals 3.Invertebrates Amphibians Fish Rabbits 4.Amphibians Avians

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