15.4

One HUGE question Would the Union break up? Issue of slavery was rearing its ugly head again

A northern wing of the Democratic party nominated Stephen Douglas What did Douglas believe in? What was his nickname?

Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge Supported Dred Scott decision Youngest Vice President (James Buchanan) Buried in the same cemetery as Henry clay

John Bell Constitutional Party No position on slavery Die-hard former Southern Whigs and Know Nothings who felt they could support neither the Democratic Party nor the Republican Party

Republican Leave slavery where it existed but exclude it from territories Southerners feared slave revolts What is a revolt?

LINCOLN!! 180 electoral votes out of % of popular vote Won every Northern state

And the damage is… Douglas 30% of popular vote Won Missouri and 3 of the 7 electoral votes Breckinridge took the South Bell took most border states Basically the North outvoted the South

December 20, 1860 South Carolina voted to secede Leaders in Washington worked frantically to make a last-minute compromise

Amendments to the Constitution Protect slavery south of the 36* 30 n. latitude line What compromise does this remind you of? in all territories “now held or hereafter required.”

Republicans Angry Slavery is unacceptable Lincoln “now we are told” believed the government would be broken up “the government shall be broken unless we surrender to those we have beaten.” Rejected the plan “we spit upon every plan to compromise.” “no human power can save the Union.” Southerners

Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia New Nation New government Confederate States of America

Democratic Party Married to Zachery Taylor’s daughter Burped a lot

States’ rights States argued that they voluntarily entered the Union Constitution was a contract among independent states National government violated the contract Refusing to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act Denying southern states equal rights in the territories

Southerners welcomed secession People rang Church bells Fired cannons Celebrated in the streets The South “will never submit”

Some Southerners were alarmed Robert E. Lee “I see only that a fearful calamity is upon us.” In the North some abolitionists wanted the southern states to leave

Before Lincoln was inaugurated Buchanan sent a message to Congress The states had no right to secede But he had no power to stop them

People from North and South wondered what Lincoln would say at his inauguration Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas Secession would not be permitted Enforce the laws of the United States and hold federal property “We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Through passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”

After the address…. Confederate forces seized some forts in the U.S. Lincoln did not take the forts back….. WHY? However, allowing them to keep the forts would be admitting their right to secede.

Day after inauguration Commander at Fort Sumter sent a message (Charleston Harbor) Supplies are low Confederates are demanding surrender Lincoln sent an unarmed expedition with supplies Confederate president Davis attacked the fort April 12, 1861 High seas prevented Union ships from reaching the fort

Lasted 33 hours Surrendered April 14 Thousands of shots were fired No one died Confederate flag was raised

The Civil War had begun