 Internationalisation = key driver of HE Transformation (Global phenomenon) › Demand for HE is up (>3mn mobile SS) › SA home to 60,000 – mostly SADC&UNISA › SA preferred destination › SA has most highly developed HE system in Africa (value for money) › Bilateral/multilateral agreements have opned up student mobility (uni-directional) › SA HE system biggest producer of human capacity for Africa 1

› International fee income is beneficial to HE system › Classrooms are more diverse (diversity leads to innovation – i.e. Internationalisation at Home) › SA is becoming the Education Hub of Africa › Challenge:  Balancing national priority for Access to HE vs opening up to international enrolments  Joining global arena and remaining globally competitive 2

 Rationales for internationalisation  Political Rationale › Bilateral/multilateral agreements e.g. SADC protocol › Cooperation, solidarity and assistance › Historical/linguistic/geographic links › Leads to/Results in: › Student and staff mobility 3

4  Socio-Cultural Rationale › Promote mutual understanding › Diplomacy › Nation-building & multiculturalism (over 100 different nationalities represented at HE institutions)

 Economic Rationale › Education is a tradeable commodity (supply & demand) › New Zealand: Int. Ed. generates more revenue than wine › Canada: Int. Ed. Generates more revenue than timber and coal › UK: Int. Ed. Generates more revenue than automotive and financial services › US: Int. Ed. Contributed $18.78bn to the economy in

› Australia : Int.Ed. Is the 4th export product after coal, iron & gold › International student recruitment is a booming industry › International student enrollment in Denmark and Sweden dropped 50% when international fees were introduced in 2011/12 › NB: Economic rationale tends to overshadow other rationales 6

 Academic Rationale › Universities under pressure to contribute to national development & economic growth › Focus is away from a resource-intensive to a knowledge-intensive economy › Desire for international branding and status › Desire to attract and recruit talented students, staff and scholars › Desire to enter into strategic alliances and partnerships (for research, teaching and learning, funding, collaboration, knowledge sharing, innovation, exchanges) 7

 Takes into account: › Broad definition of transformation › Purpose of higher education › Rationales for internationalisation › Balancing national and international needs/imperatives 8

Thank you for your attention!