Annual Progress Report (2014-15) of Enzymatic Pre-treatment in the Processing of Pigeon Pea Sponsored by Ministry of Agriculture New Delhi At Processing and Food Engineering Department College of Agricutural Engineering and Technology Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh - 362001

General Information Project title Enzymatic Pre-treatment in the Processing of Pigeon pea Name, Designation, Address, Phone Nos. and e-mail id of PI Dr. M. N. Dabhi Research Engineer, All India Coordinated Research Project on Post Harvest Technology College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, JUNAGADH – 362001

General Information Name, designation, phone nos. and e-mail id of head of the Organization. Director of Research Junagadh Agricultural University, JUNAGADH – 362001 Phone : 0285-2670131 Email : dr@jau.in No. and date of DAC sanction order. F.NO.CPS-18-20/2014 NFSM,GOI. DAC(NFSM-Cell) dated 14/08/2014 Date of inception and duration of the project. 14/08/2014 and three years (2014-17)

Technical Objectives: To study the physico-chemical properties of pigeon pea grains. To study the effect of enzymatic pre-treatments on loosening of seed coat of pigeon pea grains and milling quality of enzyme treated pigeon pea. To determine the effect of enzymatic pre-treatments on protein content of dhal. To study the cooking quality of dhal Establishment of pulse mill for demonstration purpose

Ist Half Recruitment of staff position of schemes Senior Research Fellow was recruited in first half. No suitable candidate found for Laboratory Technician in first half. Purchase of machineries/analytic equipment/chemicals/raw materials pH meter (pH 700 Benchtop meter with epoxy probes SS-ATC probes with stand of Eutech company) of Rs .36908/- Analytical balance (Model-RA 2012) for weighing for the enzymes/chemicals were purchased at a price of Rs. 84094 /- Ribbon blender waspurchased with tailor made fabrication according to the flow chart andrequired specificationfor 150 kg pigeon pea from Pledge International, Ahmedabad with the price of Rs.78750/ only. Chemicals were purchased with the prices of Rs. 52511/- Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L) with Variety: BDN-2 grain (Purchased from Seed Science and Technology Department of Junagadh Agricultural University).

IInd Half Preliminary trial with different enzyme concentration, pH, time and temperature of incubation was carried out as under. Treatments Enzyme concentration mg/100gm dried sample Incubation Time hours Temperature (oC) pH T1 42.5 10 50 5.5 T2 27.5 T3 6 T4 T5 40 T6 T7 T8 T9 4.5 T10

Enzyme concentration calculation For 100 gm pigeon pea For 1000 gm pigeon pea Xylanase Cellulase Pectinase 20 mg/100gm 200 mg/1000 gm 100 mg 50 mg 42.5 mg/100gm 425 mg/1000 gm 212.5 mg 106.25 mg

Drying of the treated pigeon pea After the completion of each incubation. Seeds were dried in tray dryer at 550C and maximum up to 600C up to moisture content reached near to 10 % for the nullifying the effect of enzymes. After that easily seed coat were removed with the pinch of thumb and finger.

Pectinase, Xylanase, Cellulase Enzymes Ribbon blender

Enzyme concentration mg/100gm dried sample Treatment Enzyme concentration mg/100gm dried sample Incubation time, h Temperature deg C pH Protein content (%) Control 21.09 T1 42.5 10 50 5.5 31.68 T2 27.5 29.00 T3 6 25.33 T4 26.17 T5 40 18.25 T6 28.05 T7 23.63 T8 29.40 T9 4.5 31.18 T10 28.93

Physical properties of pigeon pea Treatement Length (mm) Breath (mm) Thickness (mm) Size (mm) Sphericity Density (gm/cc) Control 5.99 5.16 4.45 5.15 0.86 0.82 T1 5.82 5.17 4.43 5.10 0.84 0.85 T2 5.89 5.29 4.50 5.19 T3 6.03 5.20 4.54 5.22 0.83 T4 5.95 5.35 4.46 5.21 T5 5.42 4.58 5.28 T6 5.81 4.55 T7 6.00 4.56 T8 6.36 5.26 4.60 5.36 0.80 T9 6.12 5.30 T10 5.97 5.34 4.66

Technical programme For the year 2015-16

Trial of experiment on the basis of preliminary results and facts 1st Half & 2nd Half Trial of experiment on the basis of preliminary results and facts

PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR MILLING OF PULSES PIGEON PEA (TUVER DAL) RAW PULSES INFEED ↓ CLEANING & GRADING DESTONING FIRST GRADE (WHOLE PULSES) PITTING-I II DECK TYPE FINES GRADER WITH POST ASPIRATOR OIL TREATMENT

PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR MILLING OF PULSES PIGEON PEA (TUVER DAL) OIL TREATMENT ↓ TEMPERING-36 HRS. PITTING-II II DECK TYPE FINES GRADER WITH POST ASPIRATOR TEMPERING-24 HRS. PITTING-III

PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR MILLING OF PULSES PIGEON PEA (TUVER DAL) ↓ II DECK TYPE FINES GRADER WITH POST ASPIRATOR WATER TREATMENT DRYING BY AUTOMATIC DRYER SPLITTING DAL GRADING WITH POST ASPIRATOR DAL POLISHING PACKING

PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR MILLING OF PULSES PIGEON PEA (TUVER DAL) WITH ENZYME PRETREATMENT RAW PULSES IN FEED ↓ CLEANING & GRADING DESTONING FIRST GRADE (WHOLE PULSES) STORAGE BIN ENZYME PRETREATMENT

PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR MILLING OF PULSES PIGEON PEA (TUVER DAL) WITH ENZYME PRETREATMENT ↓ DRYING BY AUTOMATIC DRYER STORAGE BIN PITTING CUM SPLITTING DAL GRADING WITH POST ASPIRATOR DAL POLISHING PACKING

Treatment combination Enzyme concentration level : 20, 27.5, 35, 42.5, 50 mg/100g Incubation time : 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h Incubation temperature : 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 deg C Tempering water pH : 4, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0