Automated Hydroxyl Group Detector By Banafsha Shaikh Dhanashree Mane Avanish Balaji Mentor Prof. K. T. Talele Academic year Department of Electronics Engineering Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Andheri (west), Mumbai-58 1

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope Drunken Driving on the rise Statistics How does Alcohol enter a Person’s blood? 2

Drunken Driving on the Rise 3 [1/3]

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Statistics 5 [2/3]

The fundamental principle of breath analysis is the evaporation of alcohol from the circulating blood into the air in the lungs during the breathing process. On its way around the body the blood picks up alcohol from any drink the person may have consumed as it passes through the walls of the digestive organs, notably the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine. This blood then passes through the liver on its way back to the heart, where it is then pumped through the lungs before flowing back to the heart to be distributed around the rest of the body [the arterial supply]. How does Alcohol Enter a Person’s Breath? 6 [3/3]

 In the lungs the exchange of oxygen from the air into the blood, and of the waste product carbon dioxide in the reverse direction, proceeds continuously during the process of breathing. Now, just as carbon dioxide evaporates from the blood into the breath, then so does a small, representative portion of any alcohol that is also present. This process is known as gaseous exchange. Alcohol along with carbon dioxide The actual quantity of alcohol that evaporates into the breath depends on its concentration in the blood. This is known as Henry’s Law. 7

Thus it was concluded to design a product which can detect the amount of alcohol present in the breath of a person. This reading can then be calibrated to obtain the amount of alcohol present in the blood of a person 8

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope Patent 1 Patent 2 Patent 3 Patent 4 Literature Review 9

Patent Search 10

Patent: US 6,967,581 B2 Title: Breath alcohol detection system with identity verification  A vehicle interlock method comprising:  detecting whether breath contains alcohol below a threshold level  a skin detection system  permitting ignition of the vehicle when the breath alcohol detection device detects breath containing alcohol below threshold level  optical skin sensor 11 [ 1/4]

Patent: 4,926,164 Title: Vehicle breath monitoring device  A breath monitoring device embedded in a vehicle  An ambient condition input sensing means located adjacent to said breath monitoring means to ensure accuracy of breath monitoring  Temperature sensing means 12 [ 2/4]

Patent: EP B1 Title: Means of alcohol level detection in humans  A method of detecting ethanol in the lachrymal fluid of a subject  Method of enclosing the eye of the subject in a chamber to define a space above the eye, providing an ethanol vapor  Method of providing adequate time sufficient for the concentration of alcohol in the vapors within said chamber to relate to the concentration of alcohol in the liquid lachrymal fluid of said eye in accordance with Henry's law. 13 [ 3/4]

Patent: 7,218,236 Title: Vehicle Ignition Interlock  A breath analyzer located within a vehicle, wherein the breath analyzer comprises first and second alcohol sensors.  The second sensor is activated when the first sensor fails  The first and second sensors are fuel cell sensors  A user interface operably connected to the controller, wherein the controller displays operational messages via the user interface and provides audible operational messages and prompts via the user interface. 14 [ 4/4]

Literature Review On studying the various patents available on the product we found that there is an unavailability of a cost efficient, user friendly detector. The patents that existed used the fuel cell technology which made the detectors bulky and costly. 15

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope 16

ALCO-SENSE Pvt. Ltd (a virtual start-up) Presents ALCO-METER A portable Alcohol level detector Features:  Multiple user profile  History storage  Real-time clock 17

Alco-meter 18

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope Objective Proposed System MQ 303 B Circuit Design Power Circuit Data Flow Diagram 19

Objective “ To develop a portable, user friendly and cost efficient model of an alcohol level detector by using the semiconductor technology ” 20 [1/6]

Proposed System Alcohol sensorMicrocontroller Power circuit Display unit 21 [2/6]

MQ 303 B MQ 303B is a gas sensor which is highly sensitive to alcohol input output 22 [3/6]

MQ 303B test circuit  Change of the sensor resistance (Rs) is obtained by change of the output voltage across Rl  For stability, connect the sensor heator with high voltage of 2.2+/-0.20V or high current pulses for 5-10 sec 23

Sensitivity of MQ303B  Expressed by the relationship between the sensor resistance and gas concentration.  The sensor resistance decreases with an increase of gas concentration based on a logarithmic function. 24

Configuration  Sensing element of the semiconductor sensor is a micro-ball, heater and metal electrode are inside installed in anti-explosion double 100 mesh metal case 25

Circuit Design 26 [4/6]

The sensor requires a preheating time of 48 hrs to function properly. But by applying a high current pulse for 10 seconds we can bring the sensor in the operational conditions. A power circuit has been designed for applying current to the sensor as well as the microcontroller and the graphical LCD. Power Circuit 27 [5/6]

Data Flow Diagram 28 [6/6]

Power circuit The power circuit supplies high current pulse to the sensor for preheating and also supplies power to the µC and graphic LCD When a person blows into the mouth of the sensor the sensor gives the reading in analog form This analog reading is then given to the µC which converts it to the digital form The µC is calibrated in such a way that the reading is calculated in the form of mg/L of alcohol in the blood The reading is then displayed on the graphic LCD 29

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope 30

Calibration  The permissible limit of alcohol in india is 30mg/100ml  The project is calibrated to give the readings in mg/L  Thus a reading greater than 300mg/L indicates that a person is above the permissible limit for driving 31

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope 32

Features  The detector has multiple user feature wherein multiple users can take the readings.  The history feature has been incorporated to display the past readings of the different user profiles along with the date and time when the reading was taken.  A real time clock has also been included 33

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope System Claims Method Claims 34

“Systems and methods of detection of blood alcohol level by breath analysis using semiconductor sensor” with the Patent office, Government of India Dated: 15/04/2013 the claims of our product are….. Publications 35

A system for detecting alcohol level in blood through breath analysis comprising:  a semiconductor sensor;  a microcontroller;  a display unit;  an on-chip data storage component;  a user profile recording component capable of recording and updating a user profile;  a real time clock; and  a navigation component System Claims 36 [1/2]

wherein the semiconductor sensor senses amount of alcohol in breath of a person and the microcontroller is programmed in such a way that it converts breath alcohol level into blood alcohol level and displays a value indicating the blood alcohol level on the display unit; the value indicating the blood alcohol level is capable of being stored in atleast one of the user profiles each profile capable of storing past readings alongwith date and time of test using the real time clock. 37

A method for measuring the amount of alcohol in blood through breath analysis comprising the steps of:  releasing current pulse for pre-heating required by the semiconductor sensor;  setting date and time to indicate time at which test was taken;  detecting the presence of alcohol in breath using the semiconductor sensor; Method Claims 38 [2/2]

 converting the analog output of the semiconductor sensor into digital data within the microcontroller which is then processed by an algorithm to produce the value indicating the blood alcohol level;  selecting a user profile in which the value indicating the blood alcohol level is to be stored; and  displaying time after which the blood alcohol level of a user will be back within permissible limit to drive a vehicle safely. 39

Index 1.Introduction 2.Patent Search 3.Alcometer 4.Implementation 5.Calibration 6.Features 7.Publication 8.Future scope 40

Future Scope  The detector can be used as a standalone design  The detector can be embedded in automobiles to form a vehicle ignition interlock system  The detector can be installed in front of offices to improve work culture 41