A. Language : Language, as a matter of common knowledge, is the medium of communication through which we express our emotions ideas, feelings and thoughts to our fellow people.

 Alphabet : Language is mainly composed of letters which stand for signs or sounds. The letters in a language are totally treated as the alphabet of the language. The number of letters are different from language to language. The alphabet of English is composed of twenty six letters. These twenty six letters which are known as the alphabet are used either for printing or writing. Accordingly, printing letters are different from script letters.

 Division of the alphabet : The Alphabet of English is divided into two classes namely 1. Vowels 2. Consonants 1. Vowels : The five letters “a, e, i, o, u” are known as the vowels in English and we cannot write even a single word without using a vowel.

2. Consonants : The remaining 21 letters of the alphabet are known as the consonants in English. They are b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z

 Syllable : A word or a part of a word which consists of a vowel sound is known as a syllable. Ex- EXA-MI-NA-TION There are four syllables in the word “examination”.

 Word : A word is a basic element in every language. A word is a proper combination of letters. The letters in a particular language are arranged in such a manner that they should represent either object or ideas. There is more than one method by which words are formed. But at this stage, student is not required to know about word formation. This aspect is elaborated at length later. Ex. Nation, Country, World, Poetry, Book, Newspaper.

 Grammar: Grammar is a systematic study of scientific method which provides us information and guidance necessary to learn a language. The science of Grammar teaches us how a language is spoken and written correctly and effectively. So, it can be said that grammar is primarily concerned with the formation and classification of words and sentences and their practical significance in daily life.

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 Unless we have mastered grammar, we do not or cannot speak or write English correctly. Besides, English language is closely related and associated to or with grammar and it is entirely based on grammar. English is very much controlled, conditioned and regulated by grammar. Hence, it is, without taking recourse to grammar, impossible for anyone to speak and write this language correctly. It is due to all these reasons that we should gain a considerable mastery over this grammar. It may be pointed out, that it is very difficult to define the scope and the practical value of grammar.

A. The study of Language: Grammar is primarily concerned with the study of Language. It explains to us the difficulties and problems involved in learning a language and it guides us how language is effectively used in our day-to-day life.

B. The study of words: Grammar tells us how words are formed and why they are classified into various categories. It also instructs us how words are combined and grouped into sentences. We also know when and where a particular word should be used. We understand the historical reference and significance of different word with the help of grammar.

C. The study of sentence structure and patterns: What we study in grammar is the sentence structure. As a matter of fact, sentence structure is very essential in every language. Grammar makes us familiar with these sentence patterns. It enables us to understand how sentences are patterned and how they are used in our practical life for proper and effective communication.

D. The study of parts of speech: Grammar surveys and defines various part of speech in detail and studies their functions elaborately. It provides adequate information as to where, when and how these parts of speech are used in our speech and writing. Grammar might be considered to be a standard reference book for the parts of speech.

E. The study of writing skills: Grammar is essential and beneficial for writers, journalists and poets who are engaged in literary field. It creates proper opportunities for those who wish to perfect their should be written English. It trains us how paragraphs, essays and letters different stylistic devices to better our writing skills. Grammar is regarded as an introduction to literary composition.

E. The study of communication and correspondence: Language, broadly speaking, is one of the best and the most effective means of communication without which we cannot lead a civilized life. Unless we communicate with our fellow people properly, we can us with the powerful communicational abilities and aids. It tells us how to impress people with our speech and conversation. A professor or a politician cannot be successful in his profession, unless he is well equipped with linguistic skills. So grammar deals with communication and correspondence. It is in view of this function that grammar is treated as a science of communication.