Defining and Measuring Impact Professor Andy Neely Deputy Director, AIM Research

Three questions… 1.What is impact? 2.Why does impact matter? 3.How can impact be measured? And then to a more important question: how can impact be enabled?

What is impact?

Why does impact matter? The James Ladyman position… “Those of us who oppose the research council’s emphasis on impact do so because we do not believe its policy is in the best interest of taxpayers. Accusing us of wishing to promote our own interests as researchers is a cheap shot… The impact agenda is distorting research priorities and distracting academics from their core activity, which is to produce scholarship for the consumption of their peers, who are usually the only people equipped to understand it and interested enough in it to bother trying”. Ladyman, J. (2009) letter in the Times Higher Education Supplement

The UK budget deficit! Source:

Three questions… 1.What is impact? 2.Why does impact matter? 3.How can impact be measured?

Measurement is a mess… A =  QASAS js x W js +  QATAS jL x W jL +  QATAS kL x W kL jsjLkL S T T  W js +  W jL +  W kL STT jsjLkL “Often we measure the wrong things, in the wrong ways and frequently we measure too much”

What is AIM? AIM: The UK’s Research Initiative on Management. Budget of £35+ million invested by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Used to fund over 250 Fellows and Scholars – all leading academics in their fields… Working in cooperation with leading international academics and specialists as well as UK policy makers and business leaders… Undertaking a wide range of collaborative research projects… Disseminating ideas and shared learning through publications, reports, workshops and events… Fostering new ways of working more effectively with managers and policy makers… To enhance UK competitiveness and policy…

AIM’s mission and objectives Mission – to significantly increase the contribution of and future capacity for world class UK research on management. Objectives 1.Conduct research that will identify actions to enhance the UK’s international competitiveness. 2.Raise the scientific quality and international standing of UK research on international competitiveness. 3.Expand the size and capacity of the active research base for UK research on management. 4.Develop the engagement of that capacity with world class research outside the UK and with practitioners as co-producers of knowledge about management and other users of research within the UK.

Three questions… 1.What is impact? 2.Why does impact matter? 3.How can impact be measured? And then to a more important question: how can impact be enabled?

Institutional context that enables research and impact Research centre/group Who enables impact? Individual research activity

CBP Team CBP Community Activity / Internal Processes: How value is created and sustained Capabilities: Intangible value drivers e.g. people, systems, climate and culture Best People Generate Funding International Thought Leaders in Organisational Performance Relationships In Press Community Goal: International Recognition for Thought Leadership PressPractitionersAcademics Radio Newspapers Television Target Community: Training / Conferences / Education Books / Magazine Articles Top Journals Academic Conferences PMA Industrial Collaboration Building Relationships Thought-Leading Research: Best Practice Theory Building & Testing Research Agendas Tools and Techniques Technology & Data Bases Culture / Fun Place to Work / Mutual Support / Knowledge Sharing Output: Value proposition Academic Collaboration CBP Web Page Policy Makers Policy Makers

Reflections on impact Impact is not simply defined – its not just economic impact. We need to think about the routes to impact: Patents and spin-outs are a minority activity… Other routes - e.g. press and media, books and practitioner articles are important… Don’t ignore consultancy – a hidden market… The most undervalued route to impact - teaching… We need to understand what is involved in having impact and then create the infrastructure to help: Explore the academic value chain and the institutional infrastructure… Bear in mind an academic’s intellectual curiosity – many faculty move on to the next problem once they have “solved” the current one... Questions for research directors – [i] do you do enough to support the multiple routes to impact – especially the creation of teaching materials; [ii] which activities in the academic value chain should you support?

Reflections on evaluation The dominant form of evaluation (as I perceive it) – publications, publications, publications… HEFCE proposals for REF – the implication of measuring citations… We need counter-balancing measures and incentives (but remember we are dealing with a global system)… We should consider the hidden routes to impact in our evaluation (including promotion) models. Question for research directors – do you do enough in evaluation to counter balance the system’s natural focus on scholarly publication?