CHAPTER 7 Current Trends in Database

 Difficulties with RDBMS storage and usage  Demand for data in forms other than just text  Adoption of e-Business causes rise in online DBMS capacity demand.  Growth in e-commerce and enterprise portals ….Creates market for open source DBMS.  Demand for access through mobile devices ….Mobile database suites Why changing trends???

MMultimedia Databases DDistributed Database DDocument-oriented Databases MMobile & embedded Databases What are the current trends ??

Multimedia data typically means A.digital images B.audio C.video D.animation and graphics The acquisition, generation, storage and processing of multimedia data in computers and transmission over networks have grown tremendously in the recent past. Multimedia Databases

Contents of MMDB 1.Media data - actual data representing images, audio, video that are captured, digitized, processed, compressed and stored. 2.Media format data - Contains information pertaining to the format of the media data after it goes through the acquisition, processing, and encoding phases. E.g. sampling rate, resolution, frame rate, encoding scheme etc. Multimedia Databases

Contents of MMDB 3. Media keyword data ( content descriptive data ) Contains keyword descriptions, relating to the generation of the media data. E.g., for a video, includes the date, time, place of recording, person who recorded, scene that is recorded etc. Multimedia Databases

Contents of MMDB 4.Media feature data(content dependent data) - Contains the features derived from the media data. A feature characterizes the media contents. E.g., info about the distribution of colors, the kinds of textures and the different shapes present in an image. Multimedia Databases

Querying parameters The media keyword data and media feature data are used as indices for searching purpose. The media format data is used to present the retrieved information. Multimedia Databases

Some Examples  Multimedia Search Engine Multimedia.Lycos.comMultimedia.Lycos.com  Search Engine for Sounds Findsounds.comFindsounds.com  Image Search Google.comGoogle.com e.g. filter image by color Multimedia Databases

Applications of Multimedia Database 1.Streaming data 2.Interactive video 3.Digital Libraries 4.Image retrieval

1. Streaming data  Data stream  Data streaming  Used generally in Electronics Telecommunications Computer architecture.  they require bandwidth, time dependent, no time lag  Source and sink Multimedia Databases

1. Streaming Data  modes of transmission asynchronous, synchronous, isochronous  characteristics time strongly periodic, weakly periodic, aperiodic var. of consecutive packet amount strongly regular, weekly regular, irregular continuity connected data streams, unconnected data streams Multimedia Databases

2. Interactive video  The term interactive video usually refers to a technique used to blend interaction and linear film or video. Example Multimedia Databases

Interactive video in Multimedia Databases Added text with video

3. Digital Libraries  Collections are stored in digital formats (not as print, or other media)  The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks.  A digital library is a type of information retrieval system. Example Multimedia Databases

World Digital US Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

4. Image Retrieval Multimedia Databases

A distributed database is a collection of multiple, logically interrelated databases of the same system distributed over various sites of a computer network. Sometimes "distributed database system" is used to refer jointly to the distributed database and the distributed DBMS. Distributed Databases

2 aspects of a distributed database:  1.Distribution : Data are not resident at the same site, so that we can distinguish a distributed database from a single, centralized database.  2.Logical correlation : Data have some properties which tie them together, so that we can distinguish a distributed database from a set of local databases or files which are resident at different sites of a computer network. Distributed Databases

Examples  Cloud computing services  All major social and professional networking sites use distributed databases Distributed Databases

 Each record (document) might have a different format (number and size of fields)  Don’t store data in tables with uniform sized fields for each record. Instead, each record is stored as a document that has certain characteristics.  Any number of fields of any length can be added to a document.  Fields can also contain multiple pieces of data. Document-oriented database

A document: FirstName=“Anna“, Address=“Denver“ Hobby="singing" Another document : FirstName=“Anurag", Address=“Thane“ Hobby=“dancing” NickName=“mishra” Document-oriented database Anna Denver singing Anurag Thane dancing mishra

 All XML databases are doc-oriented DBs  Apache's CoucheDB is an example of a free & open source document-oriented database  There are various other such providers Document-oriented database

MMany daily-use devices contain databases TTVs, washing machines, mobile phones ee.g. Android phones with SQLite database EEmbedded databases in cars, airplanes etc. mmanage configurations & store sensor data ee.g. db4o object database used in BMW Car IT system Mobile & embedded database

Data is highly valuable for every business organization. The trends just depict mere examples of what is in store for us in the future.

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