Lead Steve Delp, CAS

What is it? Metal Other forms include oxides (lead oxide) and salts (lead chromate, lead sulfate) Organic forms (tetraethyl lead) All are toxic Some forms of lead are more water soluble than others – makes them easier to be absorbed by the body

Where Do You Find Lead? The metal, oxide and some lead salts are used to make lead storage batteries The metal is used to make some types of brass – will be found in some brass foundries The metal (lead pipe, pipe seals, etc.) inadvertently gets into some scrap metal sources – will be found in some cast iron foundries.

Where Do You Find Lead? Lead is found in the electronics industry (solder) Rifle Range Clean-up Lead is found in old paints – very durable –Demolition/renovation of old bridges and other painted structural steel (torch cutting, sand blasting) –Demolition/renovation of old structures, including homes (sanding, normal demolition tasks)

How are you exposed to lead? Inhaled – major source –Dust –Fume Ingested – major source –Contaminated food products –Contaminated skin, clothes –Contaminated work surfaces Absorbed through skin – only organic forms

Health Effects Acute Exposure – loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, constipation, difficulty in sleeping, fatigue, moodiness, headache, joint or muscle aches, anemia, and decreased sexual drive. Acute health poisoning from uncontrolled occupational exposures has resulted in fatalities.

Health Effects Chronic Exposure – Long term (chronic) overexposure to lead may result in severe damage to the blood- forming, nervous, urinary, and reproductive systems.

What must employers do? Know that there is lead in the workplace Know what the lead exposure levels are (air and blood – medical surveillance) Provide training to employees Control or eliminate lead exposures through engineering controls Provide PPE Provide hygiene facilities

How workers can help? Recognize that lead may be present Adopt work practices that minimize exposure Wear PPE Practice good personal hygiene

What Is OSHA Doing? Standards – – General Industry – – Shipyards – Construction National Emphasis Program –OSHA Instruction CPL National Emphasis Program on Lead (Date: 08/14/2008)OSHA Instruction CPL

What is OSHA Doing – Compliance Directives? Brass and Bronze Ingot Manufacturing Industry Compliance Requirements and Dates Under the Lead Standard (29 CFR ). CPL [CPL ], (1997, February 27).Brass and Bronze Ingot Manufacturing Industry Compliance Requirements and Dates Under the Lead Standard (29 CFR ) Lead Exposure in Construction; Interim Final Rule-- Inspection and Compliance Procedures. CPL [CPL ], (1993, December 13). Provides uniform inspection and compliance guidance for lead exposure in construction.Lead Exposure in Construction; Interim Final Rule-- Inspection and Compliance Procedures Lead Exposure in Construction: Interim Rule. CSP [STP ], (1993, July 6). Describes a federal program change to the regions and state designees.Lead Exposure in Construction: Interim Rule

Letters of Interpretation (LOIs) Enforcement of the engineering and work practice control provisions of the lead standard, (e)(1). (2004, May 11).Enforcement of the engineering and work practice control provisions of the lead standard, (e)(1) Acceptability of rhodizonate-based spot test kits for determining the presence or absence of lead in paint coatings. (2003, July 18).Acceptability of rhodizonate-based spot test kits for determining the presence or absence of lead in paint coatings Employee safety and the laundering of contaminated clothing. (1997, April 1).Employee safety and the laundering of contaminated clothing OSHA Lead Standards, both General Industry and Construction. (1997, March 18). Indicates inspectors moving from site to site is characteristic of construction, so the general industry standard for lead does not apply to lead inspectors and risk assessors who are not at a fixed location.OSHA Lead Standards, both General Industry and Construction

LOIs The biological monitoring requirements under the Final Rule for Lead. (1996, March 4).The biological monitoring requirements under the Final Rule for Lead Sampling for lead welding fumes. (1995, March 22).Sampling for lead welding fumes Lead Standard medical removal requirements and blood lead level testing. (1990, December 12).Lead Standard medical removal requirements and blood lead level testing

Wrap-up Identify, Quantify, Control Questions?? Thank you for your attention