1. Module 6: Workplace & Chemical Hazards 6.2 Lead Susan Harwood Grant Number SH-17820-08-60-F-23 Shipbreaking

2. Disclaimer 2 This material was produced under grant number SH- 17820-08-60-F-23 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or polices of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

3. Objectives 3 Explain the hazards of lead exposure Identify potential locations List PPE may be required List chronic exposure effects

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6. Lead is considered to the one of the heaviest metals and yet soft. Color: bluish-white. 6 Figure 1 Lead ballast from vessel’s keel

7. Meaning of Lead: metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. 7 Figure 2 Lead that is being recycled

8. Lead was widely used prior to the 1980’s before federal regulations minimized or eliminated the use. 8 Figure 3 Hull 134 paint flaking off hull

9. Reduce lead contamination through engineering controls and safe work practices. 9 Figure 4 Worker with lead being recycled

10. A written compliance program will address workplace lead exposure and PPE measures. 10 Figure 5 Lead shielding wiring

11. Written plans must include the following: 11 Description where lead is located Engineering plans to control lead exposure PEL Air monitoring PPE, if required Plan must be reviewed and updated annually Figure 6 Written plan at gangways

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13. Largest concentrations of lead is located within the painting system of vessels. 13 Figure 7 Paint peeling off overhead in galley area

14. The exterior coating of the ships have different types of painting systems. 14 Figure 8 Exterior paint on military vessels

15. Most common primer that is found on vessels is red lead primer. 15 Figure 9 Paint chips on deck after testing completed

16. The interior of vessels may also have a lead primer or coating. 16 Figure 10 Paint test area inside main deck area

17. Lead-acid batteries located in the engine room. 17 Figure 11 batteries in a series on deck

18. Battery charging stations, and engineering spaces through out the vessel. 18 Figure 12 Engine room and generator area

19. Lead has been used in the bilge or keel area for ballasting the vessel. 19 Figure 13 Hull in slip being hauled out

20. Radiations shields in areas of medical area such as X-Ray compartments or nuclear shields 20 Figure 14 Medical office onboard ship

21. Lead residue may exist within the ammunition storage areas and gun mounts. 21 Figure 15 Ammunition chart in gun mount

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23. OSHA “Action Level” when an employee is exposed to 30 micrograms per cubic meter of air without a respirator requirements 23 Figure 16 Hot work cutting down the sections

24. Levels at or below (30 ug/m(3)) is for a period of 8-hour per day working conditions. 24 Figure 17 Workers cutting lead shielded wiring for processing

25. Respirator required when concentrations of lead of 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air 25 Figure 18 Respirator worn by lead workers outside restricted area

26. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) (50 ug/m(3)) is an average 8-hour per day. 26 Figure 19 Work area around lead wiring being recycled

27. Respirator requirements for fit test and training must be documented prior to usage. 27 Figure 20 Respirator and face shield

28. Initial monitoring determines if an employee is exposed to lead concentrations at or above the action levels. 28 Figure 21 Lead piping and pieces removed from vessel

29. Personal lead sampling must be collected for a full shift (at least 7 continuous hours). 29 Figure 22 Sorting valves from non-ferrous materials

30. Monitoring must take place if employee complains of symptoms or displays health issues. 30 Figure 23 Monitoring the workplace for lead residue and products

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32. Long term exposure to lead is increased blood pressure. 32 Figure 24 Worker on forklift moving tote out of warehouse

33. Memory loss or difficulty in concentrating 33 Figure 25 Worker coming out of engine room on ladder

34. Joint and muscle pains 34 Figure 26 Cut out for hoisting sectionals

35. Decreased fertility 35 Figure 27 Working in the area near the propeller shaft

36. Blood poisoning 36 Figure 28 Cutting sections down on land

37. There are links to Alzheimer’s disease 37 Figure 29 Sunlight on water of ship

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40. References 40 OSHA eTool www.osha.govwww.osha.gov National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) www.niehs.nih.govwww.niehs.nih.gov Wikipedia Encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

41. 41 Worker safety is a priority