Chapter 2, Exploring the Digital Domain

The Digital Domain the nature of the digital domain In this chapter you will learn about... the nature of the digital domain distinguishing analog vs. digital media the advantages of digital media the universal language of computers: binary encoded data how information is converted to digital (binary) form

What is the Digital Domain? computers process discrete or digital data data is information represented by a digital symbol system all forms of information must be converted to a digital form for processing

Analog vs. Digital Information natural forms of information are analog analog information is continuous, e.g., wave waveforms are measured by amplitude and frequency

Analog vs. Digital Information digital information is discrete analog information may be digitized, i.e, converted to a digital representation digitized data may be stored and processed by computers

Advantages of the Digital Domain greater precision ordinality (built-in ordering scale) efficient storage fast transfer resolution independence unlimited absolute replication selective and random access compression content analysis and synthesis

Binary Bits and Bytes binary numbering system is a base-2 positional numbering system in binary, each digit is either 0 or 1 and is a product of powers of two binary digits are called “bits” bits are organized into groups, e.g., 8 = “byte” digital data have finite precision (fixed number of bits)

Hexadecimal Numbering BIN 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 A 10 1010 B 11 1011 C 12 1100 D 13 1101 E 14 1110 F 15 1111

Digitizing Data the process of converting information to a binary form is called digitization both discrete and analog forms of information may be digitized

Digitizing Data Discrete forms of information (e.g., numbers, text) are encoded by numbering schemes, e.g., binary coded decimal numbers Analog forms of information are digitized in two steps sampling (discrete samples representing the continuous) quantizing (samples are converted to numeric form)

Example: Digitizing Images images are digitized using a two step process sampling the continuous tone image for pixels quantizing pixels

Example: Digitizing Images image is sampled by pixel resolution images are digitized using a two step process sampling the continuous tone image for pixels quantizing pixels

Example: Digitizing Images pixels samples are averaged images are digitized using a two step process sampling the continuous tone image for pixels quantizing pixels

Example: Digitizing Images pixels are converted to numeric form images are digitized using a two step process sampling the continuous tone image for pixels quantizing pixels

Digitizing Data the sampling rate affects the fidelity of digitization the quantizing scale (dynamic range) affects the sensitivity of digitization

Copyright Laws in the Digital Domain Trademarks protect words, names, symbols Patents protect inventors and their discoveries Trade secrets cover information that companies wish to keep secret. Copyrights protect “intellectual property”

Copyright Laws in the Digital Domain covers literary works, music, drama, dance, pictorial and graphic works, motion pictures and video, sound recordings, and architecture. protects the expression of ideas and not ideas does not apply to limited circumstances under the principle of fair use.