DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20111 Daya Bay Steve Kettell BNL 1)Status 2)BNL roles

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20112 Daya Bay NPP Ling Ao NPP Ling Ao-ll NPP (turning on) Total tunnel length: ~2700 m 730 m 570 m 910 m Daya Bay Near (EH-1) 360 m from Daya Bay Overburden: 97 m Ling Ao Near (EH-2) 500 m from Ling Ao Overburden: 98 m Far site (EH-3) 1600 m from Ling Ao 2000 m from Daya Overburden: 350 m Water hall LS hall Construction tunnel entrance Large flux Now: 14.5 GW th 2011: 17.4 GW th

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay 7/18/ Goal of the Daya Bay Experiment Daya Bay has a design sensitivity of sin 2 2  13 < 0.01 at 90% CL after three years of running based on the disappearance of reactor e. ~1.8 km ~ km Gd-LS LS MO —

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20114 Hall #1 (EH-1) Daya Bay hall SystemInstallation RPC4/11 AD#26/11 AD#15/11 Water Cherenkov1/11 Inner pool Outer pool EH-1 Status  Installation ~complete  Commissioning underway  Near site `physics’ this summer Photo courtesy of Roy Kaltschmidt LBNL 6/27/11 7/10/11

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20115 EH-1 support rooms Electronics room RPC gas room (BNL) Water room (BNL)

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20116 RPC frame Muon PMT support Photo courtesy of Roy Kaltschmidt LBNL 7/7/11 6/27/11 Hall #2 (EH-2) Ling Ao hall PMT

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20117 Photo courtesy of Roy Kaltschmidt LBNL Hall #3 (EH-3) far hall 6/27/11

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20118 Hall #4 (Water Hall) Ultra-pure water purification (BNL scope) Component commissioning completed Full system commissioning and EH-1 pool filling in August

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/20119 Hall #5 (LS Hall) LS Production and Filling equipment AD Filling BNL roles Gd-LS recipe QA/QC measurements Filling support Attenuation length is good and stable AD#3 ready for filling 7/2/11

SAB DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ SSV#6 in SAB north bay AV#5 in SAB clean room pit 7/9/11 7/7/11

AD Dry Runs 7/18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay11 The “Dry Run” comprises a full system test with a fully instrumented Anti-neutrino Detector (AD) in the Surface Assembly Building (SAB) prior to liquid filling. AD#1–2July, Sept 2010 AD#3–4May-June 2011

- All PMTs functioning. - Calibration LED pattern clearly visible. -Dryrun of AD#1–2 demonstrate detector capability -Many improvements to electronics, offline systems -Jump-started analysis effort AD#1–2 Dry Run - Mimic anti-neutrinos using multiple LEDs. - Analysis can separate signal / backgrounds -Scan of AD#1 using movable LEDs. -(Background from muons in acrylic.) - Extended running under extreme conditions: >1 kHz trigger rate >1.5 MB/s data rate 7/18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay12 AD#1–2 performing well CD-4a signed 12/20/10

AD#3–4 Dry Run 7/18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay13 Comparison of 137 Cs scintillator ball response as a function of z along three calibration axes in AD#1, AD#2 and MC Good agreement. AD#3–4 performing well

EH-1 Commissioning 7/18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay14 The near site run provides an opportunity to test the majority of the assumptions behind our sensitivity predictions. The primary goals of initial operations at the Daya Bay near site are fully calibrated muon system fully calibrated AD pair followed by verification of muon and AD performance and an extensive study and verification of systematic uncertainties. The Daya Bay near site run is being preceded by analysis of simulated near site data corresponding to ~2 weeks of near site data. Commissioning of all subsystems: Muon PMT, RPC, AD and Electronics is proceeding individually. The full system commissioning will begin in ~a month. In addition to muon installation and commissioning responsibilities, BNL personnel have been preparing the simulation of near site data and analysis software to verify performance of the muon and AD systems.

RPC Efficiency EH-1 Commissioning 7/18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay15 EH-1 Muon pool dryrun April-May 2011 RPC Commissioning April-June 2011 AD#1 wet run July 2011 AD#2 wet run July 2011 Full EH-1 system August 2011 today Wet run  AD with LS, no H 2 O in pool Require e + E>3.5 MeV Due to lack of H 2 O shield

Issues 7/18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay16 Possible water intrusion due to damaged AD signal cables — mitigated by dry cable bellows IAV#8 is 2cm taller than specifications — based on dry, wet run experience and simulation, we are confident that differences with respect to other IAVs can be understood Competition from T2K, Double Chooz and Reno Deployment plans for <8 AD Maintain safety vigilance Close out project in spring 2012

Project Schedule Milestones CD4a begin Near Hall operations — Complete Mixing of 200t Gd-LS — LA Near Hall Civil Complete — First AD Pair Filling Complete — Begin DYB Hall Commissioning — DYB Near Hall Data Taking Begins — Far Hall Civil Complete — CD4b Full Operations (Apr ’13) — Far Hall Data Taking Begins — 12/20/10 1/9/11 Mar 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 Aug 2011 Feb 2012 Summer 2012 Forecast/Actual Color Key: Blue – US milestone; Red – Chinese; Black/Green – Collaboration today 7/18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay17

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Sensitivity 3-year run 3-year run rate and spectral shape rate and spectral shape relative detector error of 0.2% relative detector error of 0.2% Daya Bay Research Planning for Success Towards Operations Science goals AD Dry Run (7/10-3/12) Verify each AD Test all elements of data chain Integration, stability, performance Near Site Operations (6/11-3/12) Rates, spectra, calibration Cosmic backgrounds, reactor  rates Systematic errors 3-site Ops (3/12-) phase-1 with ~6 ADs Measure sin 2 2  13 to ~0.03 at 90%CL Full 3-site Ops (~6/12-) with 8 ADs Measure sin 2 2  13 to <0.01 at 90%CL

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ BNL Daya Bay leadership Led international simulation (Jaffe) and LS (Hahn) task forces Lead role in the Physics and CD1-3 Reviews –Editor of Physics Proposal, CDR & TDR Host Laboratory of US Project (with LBNL): –Chief Scientist, Chief Engineer, Safety Officer –Management of Muon system, Installation, Integration, LS, Materials compatibility, Simulation & Analysis Leadership in Dry Run, Commissioning & Ops planning Host of Maintenance & Operations Office Major role in software development and analysis Chair of Analysis Coordination Committee BNL Project Management L2 Muon System (Littenberg, Hackenburg) L2 Installation (Brown, Pearson) L2 Integration (Brown) L3 Liquid Scintillator (Yeh) L3 Materials compatibility (Yeh) L3 Simulations & analysis (Jaffe) Chief Scientist (Kettell) Chief Engineer (Brown) Safety Officer (Gill)

BNL contributions to Daya Bay DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Design/Construction/Safety: Beriguete, Brown, Gill, Hackenburg, Hans, Jaffe, Kettell, Littenberg, Rosero, Wang, Yeh Commissioning: Ling, Tanaka, Viren, Wang, Whitehead Software: Jaffe, Viren, Wang Simulation: Jaffe, Ling, Viren, Wang, Whitehead Analysis: Jaffe, Kettell, Ling, Littenberg, Viren, Wang, Whitehead Detector commissioning Commissioning co-coordinator (Tanaka) Relative Timing Calibration (Ling, Wang) AD dryrun analysis (Ling, Wang) EH-1 muon PMT analysis (Tanaka, Wang) Trigger assessment (Wang) Features of front-end electronics (Wang) AD noise assessment and mitigation (Ling) Assessment of AD ladder distortion (Whitehead) File transfer validation (Viren) Remote experimental control proposal (Jaffe, Viren)

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Management & Installation Muon water Cherenkov design (Brown, Hackenburg, Jaffe, Littenberg, Zhang) Muon system management & procurement (Hackenburg, Littenberg) Muon PMT assembly (Hackenburg, Kettell, Tanaka, Whitehead) Gd-LS, LS recipe, production, AD filling (Yeh, Hans, Rosero, Beriguete) LS QA/QC design, setup, testing (Yeh, Hans, Rosero, Beriguete) Materials compatibility testing (Yeh, Hans) Installation management, scheduling, integration (Brown) Work controls implementation & review (Brown, Gill) Design, procurement, operation of AGV (Brown) Design/Safety/Readiness reviews (Brown, Gill) Project management (Brown, Gill, Kettell) BNL Daya Bay accomplishments(1) 4-t Gd-LS 1/2010 AGV Muon PMT

AD2 average gain over time DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Software Software framework: Development, implementation, maintenance (Viren) Design, development, implementation and maintenance of “Fifteen” — realistic simulation of all expected effects (Viren, Wang, Jaffe) Data model development and implementation (Viren, Wang) File I/O development, implementation, maintenance (Viren, Wang) Data production processing (Jaffe, Viren) Centralized storage of auxiliary data for analysis (Jaffe) Transient data management (Wang) Event display (Wang) Rolling gain method/implementation (Wang) Validation of database filling (Viren) Event Builder proposal (Jaffe, Viren, Wang) BNL Daya Bay accomplishments(2)

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Simulation Muon simulation in AD (Jaffe, Wang) PMT model (Viren) NNDC-data-driven radioactive decay kinematics generator (Viren) Fast simulation of muons and cosmogenic background (Wang) Modeling of liquid scintillator optical properties (Whitehead) Validation of simulation (Whitehead) Water attenuation using muons (Jaffe, Ling, Wang) BNL Daya Bay accomplishments(3)

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Analysis Convenor of weekly simulation/analysis phone meeting (Jaffe) Chair of Analysis Coordination Committee (ACC) (Jaffe) Long-term analysis plans (Jaffe, Kettell, Viren) Mock Data Challenge coordination (Jaffe) Evaluate sensitivity loss from moving EH-3 30m closer (Whitehead) Enumeration of non-  13 analyses (Jaffe) sin 2 2  13 sensitivity evaluation (Whitehead) Evaluation of effects of AD radial reflector (Whitehead) Create analysis working groups (Jaffe, ACC) Develop shift plans (Jaffe, Tanaka) Blind analysis policy (Jaffe, ACC) Convenor of Data Quality working group (Tanaka) BNL Daya Bay accomplishments(4)

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Summary Measurement of  13 at Daya Bay is a key part of the US HEP program The project is making good progress: AD and Muon installation activity are in full swing, as is EH-1 commissioning BNL has been instrumental in dryrun and near-site commissioning/analysis BNL has made, and continues to make, substantial contributions to Daya Bay offline software, simulation, production and data analysis. BNL personnel have been instrumental in forming and implementing Daya Bay’s long-term analysis plan to exploit the world’s best sin 2 2  13 measurement potential with the first few months of data-taking. Concerns: Ramp up analysis effort w/o diminishing installation & commissioning Maintain vigilance on safety issues Maintain onsite BNL presence (travel) Supplemental funds in FY11 were timely and important

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Backup

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ Personnel Changes Departures: Tom Russo to Michigan State (FRIB) 6/24 Lisa Whitehead to Houston 8/12 Ralph Brown to retire 9/30 Expect another departure in Sept. New Hires: Hide Tanaka 6/1/10 Jiajie Ling 8/1/10 (postdoc) Chao Zhang 7/1/11 (postdoc) Upcoming: Postdoc Chief engineer

DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay7/18/ % C.L Number of years of data taking Sensitivity in sin 2 2  13 (90%CL)

Hall 1 Muon Water pool Assembly Progress January /18/2011DOE Site Visit: Daya Bay29 June 2011 July 2011