September 18-19, 2006 – Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool for HMIS decision making Jon-Paul Oliva, M.S. GIS Consultant

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 2 What is a GIS? Broadly, a method of organizing data using a spatial scheme

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 3 What is a GIS? Broadly, a method of organizing data using a spatial scheme A map (or series of maps) that can reference a database

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 4 What is a GIS? Broadly, a method of organizing data using a spatial scheme A map (or series of maps) that can reference a database Computer based system for storage, synthesis, analysis and reporting of large quantities of spatial data and associated information

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 5 Where does the GIS data come from? Three main sources of GIS data:

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 6 Where does the GIS data come from? Three main sources of GIS data:  Digitizing of paper based maps

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 7 Where does the GIS data come from? Three main sources of GIS data:  Digitizing of paper based maps  Earth Observation (Satellites & Survey)

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 8 Where does the GIS data come from? Three main sources of GIS data:  Digitizing of paper based maps  Earth Observation (Satellites & Survey)  Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 9 Where does the GIS data come from? Three main sources of GIS data:  Digitizing of paper based maps  Earth Observation (Satellites & Survey)  Global Positioning Systems (GPS) These sources are then linked with your (HMIS) data within a GIS

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 10 Data Structures Three main types of data structures:

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 11 Data Structures Three main types of data structures:  Vector - points, lines & polygons - Used to define addresses, roads, external boundaries

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 12 Data Structures Three main types of data structures:  Vector - points, lines & polygons - Used to define addresses, roads, external boundaries  Raster - Grid data, earth observation imagery - used to analyze density and detect trends in landscape level features

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 13 Data Structures Three main types of data structures:  Vector - points, lines & polygons - Used to define addresses, roads, external boundaries  Raster - Grid data, earth observation imagery - Grid data, earth observation imagery - used to analyze density and detect trends in landscape level features  Tabular - Data tables & database structures - Database stored attributes that provide descriptive statistics for map features

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 14 Data Structures Data structures containing different types of data are combined in layers in the GIS to answer questions of interest

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 15 Datums, Map Projections and Coordinate Systems Maps are by definition a two dimensional representation of three dimensional space, composed of three parts:  The map datum specifies the spheroid shape of the earth  The map projection dictates how the three dimensional space will be represented on a flat surface  Coordinate systems describe the particular convention for measuring distance on the map (x,y - e.g. latitude/longitude, UTM) All Map Projections introduce some distortion of geographic shape, area or distance Projection parameters are selected for accuracy in representing data at different scales and locations Take home message: When working with multiple GIS layers, each layer must use the same set of datum, projection and coordinate system parameters

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 16 A Geographic Coordinate System An Albers Coordinate System Datums, Map Projections and Coordinate Systems

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 17 What might a GIS look like? Map Link Zipcodes Database Spatial referenceData of interest Area of interest

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 18 Example Analysis - Mapping 2006 HMIS Data 2006 Family Data - 1st Time Homeless

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 19 Example Analysis - 1. Add GIS Data to Create a New Project

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 20 Example Analysis - 1. Add GIS Data to Create a New Project

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 21 Example Analysis - 2. Add Contextual Data to Provide a Reference

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 22 Example Analysis - 3. Classify Data Using Data Attribute Tags

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 23 Example Analysis - 4. Link External HMIS Data Using Zipcode

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 24 Example Analysis - 5. Classify Zipcode Data Using Desired HMIS Data

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 25 Example Analysis - 6. Add a Legend and Scale in Layout Mode

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 26 Some Additional Examples - Reporting National Statistics Visually

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 27 Some Additional Examples - Reporting National Statistics Visually

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 28 Some Additional Examples - Maps Can Facilitate Regional Planning

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 29 Some additional examples - Discovering Unclaimed HUD Geocodes

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 30 Some additional examples - Sorting out Independent VA Cities

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 31 Some Additional Examples - Decision Making for Unique Situations

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 32 Some Additional Examples - Decision Making for Unique Situations

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 33 Some Additional Examples - Analysis of Service Locations in D.C.

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 34 Additional Requirements Metadata - Documentation for your GIS datasets  Distribution of GIS data by Federal Agencies requires accompanying metadata that conforms to the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM)  CSDGM standard was developed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) in response to a need for standardized documentation to describe the use, limitations, integrity and technical specifications of GIS datasets

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 35 Resources Free GIS software:  ESRI ArcExplorer - Win XP/Mac OS X based viewer and basic feature set software.  GRASS GIS - Unix/Linux/OS X based full-featured software.  FreeGIS.org and MapCruzin.com - information and links to open-source and public license GIS software

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 36 Resources Free GIS data:  US Census data (2000 and some previous data) -  State agencies, often in partnership with non-profit organizations and higher education, maintain statewide GIS clearinghouses for GIS data, often available for download over the internet.  Local county and municipal governments usually have a GIS staff through which local and regional data may be obtained free of charge.

September 18-19, Denver, Colorado Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 37 For additional information: Tatjana Meschede: David Patterson: Jon Paul Olivia: