Civil War Mini-Lessons

Acquisition of Territory Louisiana Purchase 1803 (plains states) From Wars –1812-Midwest region - Mississippi area –1848 Mexican War - Texas area California & SW (also from Gadsden Purchase 1853) © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Results Monroe Doctrine –US will not allow foreign influences in North America Manifest Destiny –US is “destined” to span coast to coast

Economic Cycles Era of Good Feelings( ) –End of War of we are awesome! –Growing demand for goods and trade –Industrial Revolution brings new growth, products, money

Sectional Division Grows Territories - westward expansion yields more space for growth –New states with votes in Congress –New governments, new rules, laws for protection –Requires much more money and –Conflict over who will decide for territories and who will benefit

Government Concepts Strong Federal Government –Helps trade both interstate and international –Helps settlement through exploring, protection of people, deeding land, other incentives –Restricts rights/power of states favored by North

Strong States Rights States have ultimate say within their borders Gives state control over issues that are most important to them Restricts "equal" treatment (our state is better than yours?), interstate commerce, "fairness" favored by South

Balance through Compromise US Government has relied on compromise to resolve problems. Key compromises revolve around territory and new states to keep balance in senate (states enter in pairs) –Missouri Compromise 1820 (estab. S. boundary line) –Compromise of 1850 (popular sove reignty and Fugitive Slave Law) –Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 (r epeals MO boundary, but causes more sectional conflict)

Debates 1830’s Calhoun/Hayne – Noah Webster (predict secession) 1854: Lincoln – Douglas Debate Supported Extinction of Slavery Supported Popular Sovereignty

Slavery Issues 1820 Missouri Compromise designed to settle issue permanently 1854 Kansas-Nebraska shatters Northern confidence in containing slavery Both pro and anti-slavery forces send their people to Kansas to influence popular sovereignty.

Spread of Slavery “Era of Good Feelings” States extend to Mississippi River Slave states appear West of Mississippi River Texas is added and conflicts arise over Kansas

Dred Scott Test of the “Fugitive Slave Law” that was associated with Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott had traveled to free state so argued that he WAS free Court rules slaves are property and have not rights under constitution

Slavery as an Industry Cotton prices and other economic issues cause owners to sell more slaves The market for slaves needed to extend to new territories and states Slave families were likely broken up. This leads more to consider running away to North.

Underground Railroad Slaves fear new rules and unstable conditions Northern Abolitionists organize Safe houses are provided by Quakers and others along various routes Tubman and other “conductors” lead thousands to freedom in late 1850’s

Fanning the Flames Bloody Kansas Abolitionists –Douglas –Garrison “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” Harriet Beecher Stowe. Most widely read book in US and world.

Political Changes Early parties: Democrats and Whigs Late 1850’s: Split in Whigs over issues of slavery yields new party: Republicans

Moving to Election of 1860 By election of 1860: –Whigs have folded –Democrats Split into North and South –Four parties have candidates: Rep., N Dem., S Dem., Constitutional Union Party –Strong feeling and no majority in election! Lincoln (R) Wins and then South Secedes!

Election Aftermath Dec – S. Carolina and other states secede from Union Feb – Confederate States Congress (6 South States) appoints Jefferson Davis President March 1861 – Lincoln sworn into office. He vows to hold property that belongs to the government

The Civil War Begins Confederate States start “claiming” forts in their territory (who would stop them?) Not claimed were three forts in FL that were not important Conflict: Charleston SC – Fort Sumter has strategic importance and “siege” begins in April. Sumter bombing last two days. North surrenders for 1 st South win