Nuclear notation and Binding energy Contents: Atomic notation Isotopes Whiteboard Binding Energy AMU Making an atom Calculating binding energy Whiteboards.

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Presentation transcript:

Nuclear notation and Binding energy Contents: Atomic notation Isotopes Whiteboard Binding Energy AMU Making an atom Calculating binding energy Whiteboards The curve of binding energy and the strong nuclear force (or why there is a limit to the periodic table)The curve of binding energy and the strong nuclear force (or why there is a limit to the periodic table)

Atomic notation X A Z X = Symbol (C, Au) A = Atomic Mass Number = #nucleons (Protons + Neutrons) Z = Atomic Number = #protons C 12 6 Carbon A = 12, Z = 6. #neutrons? TOC

Isotopes Carbon 12 has 6 Neutrons TOC C 12 6 C 14 6 Carbon 14 has 8 Neutrons Carbon 14 is an isotope of Carbon Chemically the same Nuclear-lly different (it’s unstable) C-14, C-12

Whiteboards: Atomic Notation 11 | 2 | 3 | 4 | TOC

W Hydrogen has a Z = 1, A = 1 p + 2 n = 3 What is the Atomic notation for tritium? (tritium is an isotope of Hydrogen with 2 neutrons) 3/1 H

22/10 Ne Z = 10, A = = 22, element 10 is Ne 10 protons, 12 neutrons. What is its atomic notation? W

143 U is element = 143 neutrons How many neutrons in U 235? (235 = A) (1) W

126 Pb is element = 126 neutrons How many neutrons in Pb 208? (208 = A) (1) W

42 Kr is element = 42 neutrons How many neutrons in Kr 78? (1) W

Binding energy - the energy to take an atom apart Unified Mass Units: (u) C 12 (neutral atom) = u (defined) 1 u = x kg = MeV (show c = 2.998x10 8 m/s) Electron = u (not useful) Proton = u (not useful) H (neutral atom) = u (very useful) Neutron = u (very useful)

Binding energy - the energy to take an atom apart TOC To take an atom apart: C 14 has a mass of u (p in text) C 14 can be taken apart into: 6 H atoms:6( u) (i.e. 6 p + 6 e) 8 Neutrons:8( u) Total “taken apart” mass = 6( u) + 8( u) Total “taken apart” mass = u Mass “defect” = u u = u u - Represents energy needed to take atom apart Binding energy = ( u)(931.5 MeV/u) = MeV H (neutral atom) = u (very useful) Neutron = u (very useful) 1 u = MeV

Binding energy - the energy to take an atom apart TOC Binding energy in general 1.Look neutral atom mass in Appendix F (p 1064) 2.Break atom into H and n 3.Subtract neutral atom mass from taken apart mass 4.Multiply mass defect by Mev/u H (neutral atom) = u (very useful) Neutron = u (very useful) 1 u = MeV

Whiteboards: Binding Energy 11 | 2 | 323 TOC

W Atom mass = H + 6n = 7( u) +6( u) = u Binding energy = ( )931.5 MeV/u = MeV What is the binding energy for Nitrogen 13? (Z = 7) N 13 mass = u H = u Neutron = u 1 u = MeV MeV

W What is the binding energy for Carbon 12? (Z = 6) C 12 mass = u (duh?) H = u Neutron = u 1 u = MeV MeV Atom mass = H + 6n = 6( u) +6( u) = u Binding energy = ( – )931.5 MeV/u = MeV Binding energy per nucleon: C 12: 92.16/12 = 7.68 MeV/nucleon C 14: 105.3/14 = 7.52 MeV/nucleon (less)

W What is the binding energy for Carbon 10? (Z = 6) C 10 mass = u H = u Neutron = u 1 u = MeV Atom mass = H + 4n = 6( u) +4( u) = u Binding energy = ( )931.5 MeV/u = MeV (Carbon 10 does not exist)