Walter Amos Technical Manager Wireless Telephony Walter Amos Technical Manager Rufus Austin Technical Manager Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary Objectives Evolution of Cellular Technology Cellular Standards Wireless Networks Wireless Vision Technical Degree mapping to R&D Careers Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Early History of Mobile Communications UHF = Ultra High Frequency 300MHz - 3GHz VHF = Very High Frequency 30MHz - 300MHz Full scale cellular system to prove 1969 concept FCC had previously approved 800 MHz operation 1975 AT&T application for Chicago Trial 1946 First commercial mobile telephone introduced in St. Louis 1920’s First mobile radio units installed in Police cars in Detroit/NYC 1950’s 11channels VHF 12 channels UHF 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1964 Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) introduced Automatic Dialing 1930/40’s FM used for mobile radio 1983 First Commercial cellular service in Chicago 1947 AT&T proposed mobile telephone systems based on cell concept Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary Early Problems Small service area 20-25 miles High blocking rates due to low number of channels Long wait list for service Poor voice quality Users could listen to each other’s calls Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Wireless Telephony and Interim Standards AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) IS553 NAMPS (Narrow Band Amps) IS88 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) IS54 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) IS95 Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Cellular System Architecture Switching Office Trunks Data Links MSC Base Station Cell Site Base Station 2nd Line Cell Site Residential Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary Analog Cellular Analog Cellular sets up a call on each 30 kHz Channel 30 kHz Channel Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary TDMA Dual-Mode Capability 3x the capacity of analog networks 30 kHz Channel Spacing 832 Channels 8 kbps (Full Rate Mobiles) 6 time slots per channel 2 time slots per mobile uplink Tx downlink Rx 3 calls per channel 30 kHz Channel Time Slot 1 Time Slot 2 Time Slot 3 Time Slot 4 Time Slot 5 Time Slot 6 Time Slot 1 Time Slot 2 Time Slot 4 Time Slot 3 Time Slot 5 Time Slot 6 Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary TDMA 4 Kbps (Half Rate Mobiles) 6 time slots per channel 1 time slots per mobile handles both uplink Tx/ downlink Rx 6 calls per channel 30 kHz Channel Time Slot 1 Time Slot 2 Time Slot 3 Time Slot 4 Time Slot 5 Time Slot 6 Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary Advantages of CDMA Spread Spectrum Analysis 1.23 MHz channel vs. 30 kHz Each call is distinguished by a unique digital code different from others users transmitting at the same frequency band >= 10 times the capacity of analog networks Lower Power Terminals/Longer Battery Life Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Service Provider Benefits 10x capacity of analog networks Broader Coverage Area All frequencies can be used in each cell SMS services Excellent Call Quality Multiple Technology Support Data Services Packet Data = PC/Cell Phone access to Internet Circuit Mode = Fax through PC/Cell Phone Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary End User Benefits Soft Handoffs no call degradation during handoff Longer Battery Life Power control varied to match strongest cell Inherent Privacy Built in Encryption No I/F with hearing aids/pacemakers Integrated Data/Voice SMS Low Power Mobiles ~10db less power Tx than AMPS/TDMA Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Cellular Networking and (IS41) Roaming SS7 Links STP STP 3. Home system forwards the call to the visiting system 2. Visiting system requests DB info about subscriber 4. Home system kept informed of mobile position Voice Network 1 1. Mobile registers itself Home System MSC Visitor System MSC HLR VLR 5. The subscriber receives 1 phone bill from home system Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Vendor Interconnectivity Intelligent Network (SCP, SCE, SMS, SCN, HLR, etc.) Other Vendor PCS MSC Other Cellular Systems and/or Networks IS41-C STP IS41-A, B, or C INAP: 0.1, 0.2 WIN: IS41C IS41-A, B, or C IS95: 0,A,JTA IS53 / IS104 IS99 Base Station IS634 Feature Group D (Equal Access) ISUP, R1 MF, DTMF MSC PSTN MSC - Mobile Switching Center BS - Base Station R1 MF, DTMF ISUP, PRI, BRI IS41-C Voice Mail Message Center Service Node Outside Vendor Products Lucent Technologies Proprietary

National Interconnectivity PCS Cellular SS7 Signaling Network CTIA, Mobilink, or New (IS41 A, B, and C) Seamless Automatic Roaming Registration / Authentication Call Delivery Handoff System Operations Billing (Clearing House) Roaming Agreements Over-the-Air Distribution Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Private Networks/User Zones Public Network (Green) Red Virtual Private Network Includes All Blue Private Network In-Building In-building applications such as Wireless PBX where the wireless extension never leaves the building -- handoffs within the building only no handoff to public network and can not work outside the private network “boundaries”. The RED application extends the inbuilding application to include a campus arrangement. Expanding to include applications that support both the use of a single handset for both public & private business applications in both a low mobility inbuilding environment as well as when that business user becomes highly mobile. Key Point: Both the Lucent TDMA and CDMA PCS platforms support the myriad of private & public (high and low mobility) applications required by service providers for service differentiation and revenue generation. Examples of the types of Private/Public Networks include: Red Private Network (Campus Area) Lucent Technologies Proprietary

Classroom to the Board Room Product/Project Management Systems Engineer Software/Hardware Engineer RF Engineer Panel/Physical Designer Test Engineer Application Engineer Field Engineer Engineering Computer Science Lucent Technologies Proprietary