June 14, 2012 Prayer Quiz Review June 7 quiz Emotions, virtue, Break Video the moral act and errors

Emotions, Virtue, the moral act, errors Day 3 of the 4 hour Moral Theology class for which you signed up On Day 4 we will go over fundamental principles and then begin the commandments Look over vaccine letter Bring CCC to class!!!

Grace and self knowledge

Mind and Heart

Morally indifferent / neutral in themselves emotions are sign of fully human response They can help or hinder – to the degree they are healthy The truth will set you free Most of us have emotions that need healing Emotions - Passions

Morality of Psychology Nature vs nurture - both are valid Error usually comes when one absolutizes one aspect The family is the “domestic church.” Where there is not unconditional love, healing must take place.

CCC 1767 In themselves passions are neither good nor evil. They are morally qualified only to the extent that they effectively engage reason and will. Passions are said to be voluntary, “either because they are commanded by the will or because the will does not place obstacles in their way.”It belongs to the perfection of the moral or human good that the passions be governed by reason. (1860)1860

CCC 1768 Strong feelings are not decisive for the morality or the holiness of persons; they are simply the inexhaustible reservoir of images and affections in which the moral life is expressed. Passions are morally good when they contribute to a good action, evil in the opposite case. The upright will orders the movements of the senses it appropriates to the good and to beatitude; an evil will succumbs to disordered passions and exacerbates them. Emotions and feelings can be taken up into the virtues or perverted by the vices

Emotional development Erik Erikson stages 1.1 Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Oral-sensory, Birth-2 years) 1.2 Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Muscular-Anal, 2-4 years) 1.3 Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Locomotor-Genital, Preschool, 4-5 years) 1.4 Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Latency, 5-12 years) 1.5 Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, years) 1.6 Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood, 20-24, or years) 1.7 Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood, 25-64, or years) Central tasks of middle adulthood 1.8 Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood, 65-death) Implicit here are distinction of good and bad; virtue and vice

Different, equal, complementary Venus and Mars? “Male and Female He created them…”

So, how do they impact morality? Mature well-adjusted adult – passions guided by reason and will Virtue is in the middle Extreme 2 = indulgence/ hedonism Extreme to the left repression / neurosis Extreme to the right Indulgence/hedonism

So what do we do?

Know Thyself 1779 It is important for every person to be sufficiently present to himself in order to hear and follow the voice of his conscience. This requirement of interiority is all the more necessary as life often distracts us from any reflection, self-examination or introspection:

Who are you? 1. Made out of love for love 2. Man or woman 3. Physical disorders? Emotional disorders? Casting crowns Who am I - by Casting Crowns

All men are called Communion…holiness So….are there some ‘guidelines’ to help us get there?

Three perspectives on man’s ability to reach holiness 1) Pelagianism: man can become holy of his own will --- can he? 2) Luther: sola fides – faith alone --- all is grace – man’s efforts mean nothing 3) Catholic: virtue = man’s effort – and grace

CCC 1734 Freedom makes man responsible for his acts to the extent that they are voluntary. Progress in virtue, knowledge of the good, and ascesis enhance the mastery of the will over its acts.

What is “virtue”? CCC: A virtue is an habitual and firm disposition to do the good. It allows the person not only to perform good acts, but to give the best of himself. The virtuous person tends toward the good with all his sensory and spiritual powers; he pursues the good and chooses it in concrete actions.

A virtue is an habitual and firm disposition to do the good. It allows the person not only to perform good acts, but to give the best of himself. The virtuous person tends toward the good with all his sensory and spiritual powers; he pursues the good and chooses it in concrete actions.

habit Habit: (not common definition of “routine” or “custom”) Habit: firm attitude, stable disposition Aristotle: “hexis” - transformation of man Thomas…….not that we become demigods, rather, grace helps our acts to become “fully human” Pope John Paul II: “The Acting Person” ……stability in response, authentic, speedy, with facility, and with pleasure – results in joy

CCC 1804 Human virtues are firm attitudes, stable dispositions, habitual perfections of intellect and will that govern our actions, order our passions, and guide our conduct according to reason and faith. They make possible ease, self-mastery, and joy in leading a morally good life. The virtuous man is he who freely practices the good.

CCC 1805 Four virtues play a pivotal role and accordingly are called “cardinal”; all the others are grouped around them. They are: prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. “If anyone loves righteousness, [Wisdom’s] labors are virtues; for she teaches temperance and prudence, justice, and courage.”64 These virtues are praised under other names in many passages of Scripture.64

CCC 1806 Prudence is the virtue that disposes practical reason to discern our true good in every circumstance and to choose the right means of achieving it; “the prudent man looks where he is going.” 65 “Keep sane and sober for your prayers.”66 Prudence is “right reason in action,” writes St. Thomas Aquinas, following Aristotle.67 It is not to be confused with timidity or fear, nor with duplicity or dissimulation. It is called auriga virtutum (the charioteer of the virtues); it guides the other virtues by setting rule and measure. It is prudence that immediately guides the judgment of conscience. The prudent man determines and directs his conduct in accordance with this judgment. With the help of this virtue we apply moral principles to particular cases without error and overcome doubts about the good to achieve and the evil to avoid

1807 Justice is the moral virtue that consists in the constant and firm will to give their due to God and neighbor. Justice toward God is called the “virtue of religion.” Justice toward men disposes one to respect the rights of each and to establish in human relationships the harmony that promotes equity with regard to persons and to the common good. The just man, often mentioned in the Sacred Scriptures, is distinguished by habitual right thinking and the uprightness of his conduct toward his neighbor. “You shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great, but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor.”68 “Masters, treat your slaves justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven.”696869

1808 Fortitude is the moral virtue that ensures firmness in difficulties and constancy in the pursuit of the good. It strengthens the resolve to resist temptations and to overcome obstacles in the moral life. The virtue of fortitude enables one to conquer fear, even fear of death, and to face trials and persecutions. It disposes one even to renounce and sacrifice his life in defense of a just cause. “The Lord is my strength and my song.”70 “In the world you have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.”717071

1809 Temperance is the moral virtue that moderates the attraction of pleasures and provides balance in the use of created goods. It ensures the will’s mastery over instincts and keeps desires within the limits of what is honorable. The temperate person directs the sensitive appetites toward what is good and maintains a healthy discretion: “Do not follow your inclination and strength, walking according to the desires of your heart.”72 Temperance is often praised in the Old Testament: “Do not follow your base desires, but restrain your appetites.”73 In the New Testament it is called “moderation” or “sobriety.” We ought “to live sober, upright, and godly lives in this world.”

CCC To live well is nothing other than to love God with all one’s heart, with all one’s soul and with all one’s efforts; from this it comes about that love is kept whole and uncorrupted (through temperance). No misfortune can disturb it (and this is fortitude). It obeys only [God] (and this is justice), and is careful in discerning things, so as not to be surprised by deceit or trickery (and this is prudence).7575

Theological Virtues Theological = of God - have God as their object All three are interconnected – as one grows, so do the others Faith: virtue by which we believe in God and all the He has revealed, and all that Church proposes for our belief, because God is truth itself. Hope: virtue by which we desire kingdom of heaven and eternal life Charity: virtue by which we love God above all other things for his own sake and our neighbor as ourself for love of God

II. The Theological Virtues , CCC 1812 The human virtues are rooted in the theological virtues, which adapt man’s faculties for participation in the divine nature: for the theological virtues relate directly to God. They dispose Christians live in a relationship with the Holy Trinity. They have the One and Triune God for their origin, motive, and object.

1814 Faith is the theological virtue by which we believe in God and believe all that he has said and revealed to us, and that Holy Church proposes for our belief, because he is truth itself. By faith “man freely commits his entire self to God.”78 For this reason the believer seeks to know and do God’s will. “The righteous shall live by faith.” Living faith “work[s] through charity.”78

CCC1817 Hope is the theological virtue by which we desire the kingdom of heaven and eternal life as our happiness, placing our trust in Christ’s promises and relying not on our own strength, but on the help of the grace of the Holy Spirit. “Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for he who promised is faithful.”84 “The Holy Spirit... he poured out upon us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, so that we might be justified by his grace and become heirs in hope of eternal life.”858485

Charity 1822 Charity is the theological virtue by which we love God above all things for his own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God. (1723) Jesus makes charity the new commandment.96 By loving his own “to the end,”97 he makes manifest the Father’s love which he receives. By loving one another, the disciples imitate the love of Jesus which they themselves receive. Whence Jesus says: “As the Father has loved me, so have I loved you; abide in my love.” And again: “This is my commandment, that you love one another as I have loved you.”98 (969798

The spiritual life Stay attuned to your vital signs!