Chapter 3 Minerals Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

Mineral Properties How Minerals Form Identifying Minerals Uses of Minerals Mining 10 20 30 40 50

Question 1 - 10 What is a Mineral?

Answer 1 – 10 a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

Question 1 - 20 When a mineral is said to be naturally occurring, what does that mean? Give an example of something that is NOT naturally occuring.

Must occur in the natural world…ex: brick, steel, plastic, glass Answer 1 – 20 Must occur in the natural world…ex: brick, steel, plastic, glass

Question 1 - 30 What is inorganic? Give an example of something that is organic that can be confused with a mineral.

Ex: Coal and Amber are ORGANIC Answer 1 – 30 The mineral cannot form from materials that were once part of a living thing. (Living things are said to be organic) Ex: Coal and Amber are ORGANIC

Question 1 - 40 the repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles forms a solid is called:

Answer 1 – 40 Crystal structure

What does it mean when almost all minerals are compounds? Question 1 - 50 What does it mean when almost all minerals are compounds? What are 3 pure minerals?

Answer 1 – 50 hey are made up of more than one chemical. Gold, silver, copper

Question 2 - 10 What is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 2 – 10 Magma- molten material from inside the earth that hardens to form rock. Lava- is magma that reaches the surface.

Question 2 - 20 How do minerals form from magma and lava?

Answer 2 – 20 Minerals form as hot magma and lava cools inside the earth, or as lava hardens on the surface. When they cool, they form crystals (minerals).

How do large and small crystals form? Question 2 - 30 How do large and small crystals form?

Magma deep below cools slowly and forms large crystals Answer 2 – 30 Magma deep below cools slowly and forms large crystals Magma or lava close to the surface cools quicker forming small crystals

Question 2 - 40 How are minerals formed by evaporation?

Answer 2 – 40 When water evaporates from a solution it leaves behind the dissolved crystals (minerals).

Question 2 - 50 How can minerals be formed from hot water solutions?

Answer 2 – 50 Sometimes magma deep underground can get water very hot causing elements to dissolve. When the solution cools it causes the elements to leave the solution and crystalize.

Question 3 - 10 _________________ is the color of its powder. To obtain this, rub the mineral against an unglazed porcelain tile.

Answer 3 – 10 streak

Question 3 - 20 Metallic, glassy, submetallic, dull, silky, and earthy all describe what?

Answer 3 – 20 Luster: the way the light reflects off the minerals surface

Question 3 - 30 Talc is a 1 and diamond is a 10. A diamond can scratch Talc. This describes what and states what?

Answer 3 – 30 Moh’s Hardness Scale, A mineral can scratch any mineral softer than itself. (But not any mineral harder)

Question 3 - 40 How a mineral breaks apart is called:

Answer 3 – 40 Cleavage and fracture

Question 3 - 50 List 4 special properties minerals can have.

Answer 3 – 50 Fluorescence- Glows in UV light Magnetism- Attracts ferromagnetic materials Acid Test- reacts chemically Optical Properties- bends light Radioactivity- produces its own energy Electrical properties- conducts electricity

Question 4 - 10 Name 3 ways minerals can be used as resources.

gemstones, metals, and other uses Answer 4 – 10 gemstones, metals, and other uses

Question 4 - 20 What is hard and colorful and can have a brilliant or glassy luster?

Answer 4 – 20 gemstones

Question 4 - 30 How can metals be useful? What is an example?

Answer 4 – 30 Metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, and silver are useful because they can be flattened, hammered, and molded. Examples of minerals are filaments for old light bulbs, aluminum foil, steel beams, tools, and machines.

What are some other uses of minerals? Question 4 - 40 What are some other uses of minerals?

Answer 4 – 40 foods, medicines, fertilizer, building materials, microscopes, cement, and glass

Question 4 - 50 What is a vein? What type of metal do we typically get from a vein?

Answer 4 – 50 a narrow channel or slab of mineral that is different from the surrounding rock. Gold and silver

Question 5 - 10 A rock that contains metal or other useful minerals that can be mined and sold for profit is called

Answer 5 – 10 ore

Question 5 - 20 earthmoving equipment scrapes away soil topsoil to expose ore underneath uses what mining?

Answer 5 – 20 Strip mining

Question 5 - 30 In open pit mining miners do what?

use huge diggers to dig massive pits to remove the ore. Answer 5 – 30 use huge diggers to dig massive pits to remove the ore.

Question 5 - 40 When minerals occur in veins, miners must use what type of mining to remove the ore?

Answer 5 – 40 Shaft mining

Question 5 - 50 Which type of mining has the most negative impact and give examples why.

Answer 5 – 50 Strip mining Kills vegetation Destroys habitats Pollution (air/water) Erosion- surface is unstable