Earth Observations: foundational for understanding and predicting environmental change ITU Symposium on ICTs, the Environment and Climate Change Montreal – May 2012 Jim Abraham Director General – Weather and Environmental Monitoring Meteorological Service of Canada

Page 2 Outline Context Canadian Core Networks A few key examples Conclusion

Page 3 Canadian Context Large nation: –sparsely populated –remote and difficult access to many regions Maritime nation: –3 oceans –longest coastline in the World – 243,000 km Polar nation: –the Arctic is a government priority: ▪a development challenge for Canada ▪mapping polar shelf in support of UNCLOS ▪increased maritime surveillance and arctic science –sensitive and rapidly changing environment Large development, stewardship, security responsibilities Resource-based economy: –natural capital, transportation, environmental impact Sustainable growth a challenge: –observations and knowledge are tools to sustainable growth NorthWest Passage

Monitoring Monitoring the 9,093,507 SQ KM of Canada, and its adjacent waters

What we do: Weather Water and Climate Services Research & Technological Development MonitoringAnalysis & PredictionService Delivery

Our current networks Surface network Radar Upper Air Hydrometric Space Based Mix of 800 staffed and automatic weather stations; 850 climate stations; Moored and drifting buoys, arctic ice beacons and automatic voluntary observing ships.

Our current networks Surface network Radar Upper Air Hydrometric Space Based Coverage for over 98% of the Canadian population; Coverage of 28% of the Canadian land mass.

Our current networks Surface network Radar Upper Air Hydrometric Space Based Radiosondes (31) Ozonesondes (10) Brewer spectrophotometers (9) Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)

Our current networks Surface network Radar Upper Air Hydrometric Space Based Approximately 2900 stations

Our current networks Surface network Radar Upper Air Hydrometric Space Based EC reception network - GOES, NOAA, METOP Canadian reception – RADARSAT, ENVISAT, others Operational data exchange - EUMETSAT, ECMWF, NOAA, others

ICTs used in the Observation of the Earth WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS): passive and active terrestrial, airborne, and spaceborne sensors working in the visible, IR and microwave bands WMO Information System (WIS): collected data is exchanged freely and in near real-time globally Products and services for global and national socio-economic benefit areas such as: Weather Climate Disasters Transportation Health Water Agriculture Energy Biodiversity Ecosystems Resource Management

Recognition of the Importance of Earth Observation at WRC-12 ITU Secretary-General Hamadoun Touré commended the delegates on the attention given to Earth observation radiocommunication applications, which are crucial for monitoring and combating climate change and for disaster prediction. WRC-12 agreed to Resolution 673 (Rev.WRC-12) called “The importance of Earth observation radiocommunication applications”.

Page 13 Why is Earth Monitoring Important? Understanding natural environment Assessing impacts Managing risk in societal benefit areas: Over 80% of all disasters in Canada are driven by changes in the environment Hydrometric Monitoring on West Coast Tsunami

Page 14 Map showing the evolution of Ice Concentration in the Arctic. Credit: NASA Maps showing the evolution of Ice Age Distribution in the Arctic. Credit: US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Source: Big Changes in the Arctic! - Use of remote sensed data to monitor the Earth - Climate Change - Challenges and opportunities in the Arctic

Page 15 Example applications - Disasters URBAN AIR WATERWAYS High Resolution EM Key to Managing Risk Associated with: Accidental Release Technological Incidents Nature Triggered Extreme Events

Hurricane “Ophelia” Page 16 Another opportunistic SAR scan capturing wind field early in the ET process

Page 17 Example applications - Health SPECIALIZED PRODUCTS FOR CITIZENS – AIR QUALITY HEALTH INDEX Empowers individuals to decide how they might be at risk Provides health messaging for Canadians—both general & at-risk populations—how to minimize that risk High resolution landuse EO needed to assess emissions and impacts on air quality AIR QUALITY HEALTH INDEX

Page 18 Conclusions Communications/Broadcasting is not the only critical service in case of disasters: –Earth Monitoring is the essential tool for prediction, detection and response to natural and man-made disasters. The data management (including quality assurance and archive) of these transmissions is an additional important challenge ▪Earth Monitoring data is continuously used to forecast significant events and thus provide early warnings to identify risks and reduce impacts on life and property (e.g. floods, severe weather, chemical releases) ▪Earth Monitoring data is required before, during and immediately after a disaster to assess risks and to ensure safe and effective operations and to aid in planning (e.g. forecasting weather conditions during relief operations) ▪Earth Monitoring data analyses provide information to policy and decision makers on the adoption of longer term mitigation measures (e.g. modifying building codes to adapt to climate change) –It is critical to provide and protect necessary spectrum, as well as radio and telecommunication infrastructure, for obtaining and disseminating Earth Monitoring data

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