John Womersley Particle Physics in CCLRC John Womersley Director of Particle Physics, CCLRC Zeuthen May 2006

John Womersley The “constellation” of smaller national laboratories forms an important pillar of European particle physics –amplifiers for the national programmes –allow researchers to do more: detector construction, engineering expertise, computing, project management, test beams… –many labs have a broader mission: opportunity for synergies and connections with non-PP applications To do this the laboratories must flourish as centres of scientific thought –places that the best physicists will want to work at –centres of gravity for the national programmes and sources of leadership, when and where appropriate Particle Physics at RAL –roughly 100 people in PP department, plus engineering, instrumentation, accelerator, computing in other parts of the lab –total budget ~ £29M, almost all through PPARC, peer reviewed as part of the UK grants process –Good connections with rest of laboratory and UK university groups

John Womersley ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker Major components of the tracker designed and built at RAL All three levels of the Trigger system Final Barrel assembly at CERN September 2005 Barrel at RAL ATLAS mid 2005 Trigger cabling in progress Project leadership for first level calorimeter trigger

John Womersley CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Endcaps Leadership of project Design/construction Photodetectors & HV Tracker Readout Electronics System design ASIC & board design Firmware & control S/W PbWO 4 crystals VPT ~ 14,500 assemblies (~12,000 VPT delivered) ~ 450 ‘FED’ VME Modules Each reading out 25,000 Si strips (~ 100 FED delivered) Testing photodetectors in a magnetic field FED Module

John Womersley BaBar at SLAC Physics analysis Run control (also to be used in ATLAS, LHCb) Simulation: 10 9 events/year Trigger electronics upgrade for drift chamber Front end cap calorimeter

John Womersley LHCb CCLRC role Construction of Ring Imaging Čerenkov (RICH) detectors: Engineering Hybrid Photon Detector (HPD) testing Detector Control Systems Simulation and reconstruction software Computing infrastructure Physics analysis HPDs in test beam at CERN Čerenkov rings in test beam RICH2 ready for transport LHCb cavern

John Womersley LHC Computing and Grid Building and operating the UK Particle Physics Grid in collaboration with GridPP and as part of the LHC Computing Grid and EGEE. –About 30 people altogether UK Tier-1/A Facility –operated by E-science centre & PPD staff –~1000 CPU, 220 TB disk –1.2 PB tape (0.2 used) –Network to CERN (10Gb/s in 2006) SouthGrid –Tier-2 node in PPD Middleware engineering Security Grid Operations (joint with ESC) –for UK/Ireland –1 of 6 global operations sites Experiment integration & support Number of concurrent jobs, Summer 2005 RAL planning a new computer building

John Womersley The International Linear Collider CCLRC is strongly involved Significant accelerator work –Final focus, beam delivery system ASTeC New UK Accelerator Institutes Detector work –LCFI –Ramping up effort in CALICE LCFI: R&D for linear collider vertex detector Identify heavy quark jets –e.g. Higgs  bb,  cc RAL group has a central role –Mechanical studies –Sensor development –Physics studies

John Womersley Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Cryogenic apparatus at ILL in Grenoble –Sussex, RAL, Oxford, Kure, ILL Builds on previous successful experiment –world’s best limit 3  e cm Installation underway; start running next summer Goal is sensitivity of few  e cm (by 2009) goal A permanent neutron EDM requires Parity and Time Reversal Violation T Violation implies CP Violation In the Standard Model –d n < e cm Supersymmetry at the EW scale –d n < e cm Complementary to accelerator supersymmetry searches

John Womersley Dark Matter Dark Matter  low rate, small energy deposits –Very sensitive detectors –Well shielded –Underground to avoid cosmic rays CCLRC –Started UKDM programme –Developed and built Boulby facility –Designed and constructed series of detectors –Currently running ZEPLIN II Liquid Xenon scintillation/ionisation detector Underground infrastructure –Project management and finance control Lord Sainsbury opens the Boulby Underground facility, 2003 ZEPLIN II liquid xenon detector in shield and associated gas system Interactions in the xenon

John Womersley Explore CP violation Neutrino Factory Build community, international scoping study  design study RAL is one credible site Learn more about neutrino mixing angles (govern CP violation) T2K Secure a strong role in detector and accelerator development and in physics analysis Build up UK neutrino community MINOS Operations and analysis The Neutrino Programme MICE Demonstrate muon cooling Technology demonstration

John Womersley MICE To explore CP violation in the neutrino sector… Muon storage ring as a neutrino factory: –requires storing muons within 2μs –Ionisation cooling of the muon beam –never been tried –MICE is the technology demonstrator RAL is home to an international collaboration of ~150 physicists Installation starts later this year Aim for results by the end of the decade 4T solenoid & tracker 4T solenoid & tracker Liquid hydrogen Accelerating cavities µ RF cavity test at Fermilab MICE Hall Tracker prototype at KEK

John Womersley nextsteps.pdf Changes coming in UK?

John Womersley Room to dream! ISIS ISIS 1MW upgrade ESS-class 5MW spallation source Neutrino factory Future multi-TeV muon collider Harwell Science and Innovation Campus

John Womersley Summary Current projects address fascinating and fundamental science questions CCLRC is helping the UK to play key roles in the world programme Our priorities 1.scientific exploitation of LHC 2.R&D to prepare both for linear collider and for future neutrino facilities, with a decision time around the end of the decade 3.breadth of programme through smaller experiments where we can have a key impact CCLRC and PPARC have issued a joint statement indicating support for accelerator R&D. There will be a call for proposals (~ June) for the continuation of UK Linear Collider accelerator work, MICE phase II and for neutrino factory design study work.

John Womersley Any future model for a "strategy for European particle physics" should acknowledge the important role played by the smaller national labs There needs to be a careful balance between –the need to have everyone pulling in a coherent direction maximise effort –the need to maintain the freedom for labs to operate independently and come up with new ideas and projects of their own maximise creativity