Jump Start Name two things the North & South disagreed about, politically and why that disagreement existed. Think of Lifestyle, Occupations and Politics. What was the biggest ideological difference between the two regions of the US? How did immigration further separate the two regions?

The Slavery Debate Divides the Nation Sectionalism vs. Nationalism…Again

Slavery – Should It Spread? Wilmot Proviso : Slavery forbidden in territories won in Mexican War. North Supported It South Opposed It No So. support on Canals/Roads Slaves property – Could travel Potential Competition for jobs Potential loss of other liberty Both Feared – Upset the balance of votes in Senate – Then California applies for statehood!

California Statehood Debate Launches the nation into another round of mistrust Wilmot Proviso still not passed – so no slavery yet in new territories of New Mexico & California. California’s Constitution prohibits slavery – Requests admission as a Free State. South feels betrayed – Missouri Compromise should have covered this – slavery below 36°30’ Angry speeches are made all over the US.

Secession Becomes a Reality 31st Congress, December 1849 Several issues divide the members - California’s statehood - Texas claims eastern New Mexico - North demands abolition in Washington DC - South threatens secession more often - No enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act Any federal marshal who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave could be fined $1,000. Runaway slave suspects could be arrested without warrant and turned over to a ‘claimant’ on nothing more than his sworn testimony of ownership. No right to trial. Persons aiding a runaway slave was liable to six months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine. Finders Fees to officers who ‘found’ escaped slaves

Northerners Act to Resist “Vigilance Committees” helped get escaped slaves to Canada Personal Liberty Laws 9 Northern states pass laws… NO IMPRISONMENT OF RUNAWAY SLAVES Underground Railroad - Network of escape routes Harriet Tubman – escaped outspoken former slave who helped over 300 slaves escape.

Henry Box Brown, Who Escaped from Slavery, Enclosed in a Box 3 Feet Long and 2 Wide.

Abolitionists Increase Pressure Uncle Tom’s Cabin A Novel Dramatized the evils of slavery Sold over 1 Million Copies in 1 year Southerners wrote novels too, but none convinced anyone that slavery was good. South feared abolitionists even more

Clay’s Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state Utah & New Mexico decide slavery for themselves Concept of Popular Sovereignty emerges Texas border with Mexico settled – slavery limited to current borders of Texas. Fugitive Slave Law strengthened Compromise of 1850 is NOT PASSED IN CONGRESS!!!

‘Compromise’ Torch is Passed Clay dies, frustrated ; Calhoun dies and South’s biggest opponent of compromise is gone. Pres. Zachary Taylor Dies and Millard Fillmore becomes President – supports compromise. Senator Stephen ‘Little Giant’ Douglas – Illinois 5’ 4”tall takes up the Compromise battle in Congress.

Compromise is Short Lived… Everyone thinks compromise ends the crisis Now the battle is over enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law. Underground Railroad is born & North resists returning the slaves.

Homework Write a four paragraph (1 page) essay on why relations between the north and south were deteriorating from 1845-1850. Focus on the following topics and use class notes, textbook , and internet (note sources) to find information. 1) Expanding the nation’s borders and admitting states to the union. 2) Northern vs. Southern views of slavery Assignment Due Tuesday 1/20/09.